Airmux-400 Radio&Antenna Installation

Airmux-400 Series
The Complete training Course
Presented by:
Agenda
AirMux-400 Training Ouline:
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Site Planning/ Design (Day 1)

Preliminary Survey preparation
Physical Survey
RF Survey
Path Profile
Link Budget Calculation
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Installation (Day 2)
Grounding
Lightning
Antenna alignment
Airmux Manager
Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide
Site Planning/ Design
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Site Planning/ Design (Day 1)

Preliminary Survey preparation
Physical Survey
RF Survey
Path Profile
Link Budget Calculation
Work Flow
Sector site planning consists of a set of surveys, which must be
carried out before any equipment is deployed.
If for some reason, the outcome of any of these surveys is
negative, site re-location will need to be considered.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Preliminary Survey
Physical Survey
RF Survey
Grounding
Lightning Protection
Mounting
Antenna Alignment
Recommended Equipment
For Preliminary Survey:
Topological map of the area
Urban map of the area
Compass
Link Budget Calculator and/or Radio Planner
For Physical Survey:
100 meter tape measure
Ohmmeter, to check ground connection
Binoculars
Map
Digital camera
Paper, pencil, and a clipboard
GPS device (optional)
Compass (optional)
Recommended Equipment
For RF Survey:
Spectrum Analyzer with Max Hold function capable of capturing screens and data
RF accessories (connectors and cables)
Communication devices (for example, cellular phones, or a set of walkie-talkies)
For physical installation:
Crimping tool for RJ-45 (if the ODU-PoE cable is without connectors)
Spanner/wrench 13 mm ()
Drill (for wall mounting only)
Cable ties
Sealing material
ODU grounding cable 12AWG
Preliminary Survey
Perform before visiting potential installation sites:
1. Mark the designated installation sites on a topographic map of the area.
2. Measure the distance between the sites; check that it is within the specified range of
the equipment.
3. Check the area between the two sites for obstructions such as:
High ground - hills or mountains

Lakes or large bodies of water
Construction cranes
Outdoor CAT-5e; Maximum cable length:
100m for 10/100BaseT
75m for 1000BaseT (GbE PoE)
Preliminary (Continued)
4. Determine and record the compass bearings between the local and remote ODUs,
relative to north.
5. If there are obstructions between the two sites, calculate the Fresnel Zone
6. If the sites chosen do not meet requirements, consider alternative sites.
7. Use the Link Budget Calculator (on the CD supplied with the equipment or using
the AIRMUX Manager) to determine the expected performance.
Physical Survey
Ensure that the sector sites are suitable for the wireless network:
1. From the compass readings taken in the preliminary survey, find the azimuth
(horizontal position) that the local ODU should face towards the remote ODU.
2. Using binoculars, locate any obstructions such as tall trees, high buildings, hills or
mountains. Look for other RF towers between the two sites. Mark the locations of the
obstructions on the map.
3. Determine the location for the ODU (having regard for existing rooftop installations
and tower space). It should be above any obstructions, considering the Fresnel zone.
4. When installing ODU on a tower, make sure that the tower is far enough from
overhead electric power lines.
5. Determine a location for the indoor equipment; it should be as close as possible to
the ODU. At an existing site, there is probably an equipment room with cable-routing
channels.
Line Of Sight
Physical Survey
6. Measure and record the path length of the cable from each ODU position to the indoor
equipment room.
7. Determine the ground and lightning connection points of the installation. The ODU
and PoE must both be grounded.
8. Using the Ohmmeter, measure and record the resistance of the required installation to
the grounding point. The resistance must be less than 1O ohm.
9. Review the results of the physical site survey. Decide if the site is suitable for the
wireless network installation:
If the site is suitable, you may proceed (RF Survey)
If the site is not suitable, survey another site
ODU operating temperatures: -35C to 60C (-31F to 140F)

IDU operating temperatures: 0C to 50C (32F to 122F)
Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1
RF Survey
The RF survey examines the wireless environment of the installation site, to
determine whether there are available channels within the radio operating frequency
band.
An RF survey is performed using a spectrum analyzer.
It is advisable to familiarize yourself with the spectrum analyzer before going out on
site, specifically the Max Hold and Marker functions.
You should perform the RF survey at each of the proposed sector sites.
The survey should be carried out during a busy time of day, to best judge the worstcase radio interference. Allow 2-4 hours duration for a good RF survey.
RF Survey (continued)
Interference may arise from Self-interference from collocated AIRMUX radios
Other collocated radio devices installed on the same site.
Use the Link Budget

Calculator to determine the
minimum Tx Power
required to maintain sector
stability.
RF Survey (continued)
To avoid or minimize interference, follow these recommendations:
For collocated AIRMUX units, use HSSU to synchronize between them
Select a different operating channels for each collocated AIRMUX unit
If one or more collocated units are not AIRMUX units, ensure that there is a physical
separation of at least three meters between a AIRMUX unit and any other collocated
radio on the site
Use the largest possible frequency gap between these units
Choose the best frequency channel (as clear as possible from interference)
Decreasing the Tx Power will reduce collocation interference
Link Budget Calculator
LBC Exercise
Available as part of the Manager application
LBC Exercise: Throughput VS.

Distance
Please fill in the table using the LBC and the following configuration:
AIRMUX-400 Series, 5.4GHz FCC, 40MHz, 32dbi External Antenna
Distance [km]
Throughput
[Mbps]
Distance [km]
0.5
40
45
50
10
55
15
60
20
65
25
70
30
75
35
80
Throughput
[Mbps]
LBC Exercise: Maximum

Throughput
Please fill in the table using the LBC and the following configuration:
RW2000 C-Series, 5.8GHz FCC, 40MHz, Integrated Antenna, 0.5 KM, MIMO
Modulation
Air Rate (Mbps)
Throughput (FD, Mbps)
Sensitivity THSLD [dBm]
TPC [dBm]
BPSK FEC 0.5

QPSK FEC 0.5
QPSK FEC 0.75
16 QAM FEC 0.5
16 QAM FEC
0.75
64 QAM FEC
0.66
64 QAM FEC
0.75
64 QAM FEC
0.83
Installation
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Installation
Grounding
Lightning
Antenna alignment
Airmux Manager
NOTE:
1.) Safety First.
2.) always wear proper safety gear (Safety harness, Hard hat, Safety
shoes, gloves etc.).
3.) Use proper tools, especially for the riggers.
Grounding
All AIRMUX products should be grounded during operation:
1. The ODU should be earthed by a wire with diameter of at least 12AWG.
2. AIRMUX 400 ODUs must be properly grounded to protect against lightning.
3. It is the user's responsibility to install the equipment in accordance with Section
810 of the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA No.70-1984 or Section 54 of the
Canadian Electrical Code. These codes describe correct installation procedures for
grounding outdoor units, masts, lead-in wiring and discharge units. It also lays
down the size of grounding conductors and connection requirements for grounding
electrodes.
Grounding
4. AIRMUX 400 ODUs must be grounded to a Protective
Earth in accordance with the Local Electrical
Regulations.
5. Always make the ground connection first and
Dual
Polarizatio
n Ext.
Antenna
disconnect it last
6. Never connect telecommunication cables to
COAX
Cables
ungrounded equipment
Connectorized
ODU
7. Ensure that all other cables are disconnected before

Data + DC
(CAT-5e)
disconnecting the ground

CAT.5e
ETH
AC / DC Power
Grounding
To
Power feeds DC /
Networ
Data (CATAC (via adapter)
Dry
k
5e)
Contact
Lightning Protection
The use of lightning protection is dependent on regulatory and end user requirements.
All of AIRMUX outdoor units are designed with surge limiting circuits to minimize the
risk of damage due to lightning strikes.
RAD AIRMUX recommends the use of additional surge arrestor devices to protect the
equipment from nearby lightning strikes.
Item
Quantity
LP Unit
Pole Mounting Band
Wall Mounting Unit
Shielded RJ45 Male Connector
CAT-5e Cable 50 cm
Lightning Protection at ODU

1. Mount the LP on the tower as close as
possible to the ODU using the mounting
ring
2. Ground the LP Unit using the GND screw
3. Connect the short CAT-5e cable to the
IDU connector on the ODU
4. Connect the other side of the cable to
the LP Unit
5. Tighten the cable gland cap firmly
6. Connect the CAT-5e cable that goes to
the IDU to the other side of the LP Unit.
8. Run the CAT-5e cable towards the IDU
Lightning Protection at POE

9. Mount the 2nd LPU as close as possible to the
inlet hole of the site/facility where the IDU/PoE is
installed
10. Use the Wall Mounting Unit to firmly secure the
LP Unit on the site/facility wall
11. Ground the LPU using the GND screw
12. Remove the cap of the cable gland facing the
ODU, make sure you remove the rubber sealing tube
as well
13. Plug into the half open cable gland the CAT-5e
cable coming from the ODU
15. Connect the short CAT-5e cable (provided in kit)
to the half open cable gland of the LP and the other
end
16. Connect the other end of the short CAT-5e cable
to the IDU/PoE
Mounting the ODU

Each ODU should be pre-loaded with an IP address.
This may be done prior to deployment in the field, or on-site using a Laptop computer.
The ODU can be mounted on a pole or a wall. In both installations, the supplied
mounting kit is used to secure the ODU.
1. Ensure that the ODU is properly grounded
2. Mount the ODU onto the pole or wall. Ensure that the unit is oriented so that the
cable connectors are at the bottom
3. Do not tighten the ODU to its mounting brackets until the alignment process of the
antenna is complete
4. Ensure that there are no direct obstructions in front of the ODU or interference from
man-made obstacles
(Please refer to User Manual for detailed process)
ODU Pole Mounting Kit

Item
Quantity
Large Clamp
Small Clamp
Arm
Screw hex head M8x40
Screw hex head M8x70
Washer flat M8
Washer spring M8
M8 Nuts
Large Clamp
Small Clamp
Arm
Aligning Local radio & Remote radio

Local antenna alignment to the remote antenna can be performed using the ODUs
audible tone.
1. Ensure that both antennas are aligned precisely to the direction they are intended to
cover. Use a compass and topographical maps to do this.
2. Provided that the local radio detects the signal from the remote, the ODU starts
beeping 20 seconds after power up, and continues beeping until the antennas are
aligned.
3. Make a horizontal sweep of 180 degrees with the local antenna so that the strongest
signal from the remote ODU can be detected.
4. Slowly turn the local antenna back towards the position of the remote, listening to
the tone until the best signal is reached.
Aligning Local radio & Remote radio

Three beeps and a pause is 'best signal so far'
Two beeps and a pause is 'signal quality increased'
One beep and pause is 'no change in signal'
Long beep and short pause is 'signal quality decreased'
One beep and a long pause is 'no air link'
Any other signal does not relate to antenna alignment
AIRMUX MANAGER TOOL
Airmux Manager HW requirement
HW requirements
RAM: Min. 512 MB
Disk: Min. 1 GB free

space
Screen: 1024x768
OS: WIN XP, WIN7,

2008
Installing latest SW version
Prior to commissioning, make sure the AIRMUX Manager is running the latest version
AIRMUX Manager SW package includes all necessary components to upgrade the

local and remote radios
1.
Install the Manager SW on your managing working station
2.
Choose Install AIRMUX Manager and follow the on-screen instructions of

the installation wizard to complete the setup of the AIRMUX Manager
application.
3.
If the installation program fails to start, browse to your CD/DVD drive, chose
the setup.exe program and run it.
Airmux Default settings
Airmux Default settings
Connecting the ODU for the first time

1. Each ODU requires a static IP address, since part of the link definition is the IP
address pair of both ODUs
2. Network Managers should ensure that these addresses are outside of the automatic
allocation ranges used by their network DHCP server
3. Check that you have connectivity to the ODU by opening up a CMD session
4. Ping 10.0.0.120 as seen below
Connecting the ODU for the first time

5. Dismiss the command line session
6. Double-click the RADWIN Manager icon on the desktop, or click Start |
Programs | RADWIN Manager | RADWIN Manager.
7. The Log-on dialog box appears
Logging In
Type an IP address for the ODU or click Local Connection if you connect directly to
the ODU and you are not familiar with the IP address
Do you attempt connecting

via Local Connection
when your managing PC is
connected to LAN or other
managing network
Such action may affect
other links in your network
Access Levels
User Types include 3 level of access:
1. Operator (Admin, unlimited access)

2. Installer (Limited access to perform changes)
3. Observer (Changes are not permitted)
Logging In to the radio

Device unreachable:
Attempting to connect to an unsupported device will result in the following error
message:
Incorrect IP Address
Typing invalid IP address / when sector is unreachable, the following error message will
be displayed:
Main Window
Command
Bar
Link
Link
information
information
Local
Local Site
Site
information
information
Remote
Remote
Site
Site
information
information
Event Log
Main Window: Displaying Services
RSS
RSS Indicators
Indicators
[dBm]
[dBm]
ETH
ETH Service
Service
[Mbps]
[Mbps]
TDM
TDM Service
Service
Main Window: Displaying Services
This
This is
is an
an example
example for
for using
using
IDU-C
IDU-C which
which does
does not
not support
support
GbE
GbE
Therefore,
traffic
Therefore, traffic is
is limited
limited to
to
100Mbps
although
the
radio
100Mbps although the radio
supports
supports 200Mbps
200Mbps
Working Modes
The Manager has 3 modes which
users may utilize the configure the
link accordingly:
Operational
Operational Mode
Mode
Installation
Installation Mode
Mode
Service
Service Mode
Mode
Working Modes
Operational Mode
Installation Mode
Service Mode
User may configure the radios on both ends as

required using the Link Configuration Wizard or
Site Configuration Wizard.
Performs preliminary configuration of the entire link. This

button is disabled after the link is installed.
Installation mode, as described above, may be re-entered
using Site:A or Site:B and Installation Mode in the
Site Configuration dialog.
Resumes link service traffic according to parameters

configured previously.
AIRMUX Manager Installing a Link
Getting started: Installing the link

In the tool bar of the AIRMUX Manager main window, click the Link Installation button.
The Link Installation button is only accessible if the antennas are properly aligned.
If this box is grayed out, you should re-align the antennas
Link was not installed yet,

therefore Link Configuration
Wizard is not accessible
yet.
Click to
begin
Installation is
required
Link Installation Wizard: Step 1
The radios perform link quality

check and present the following
data to allow the user evaluate
what services can be assigned
accordingly

System Info
Enter a Link ID:
Must be identical for both ODUs, otherwise they

will not communicate
The Link ID must include at least eight
alphanumeric characters
Up to 24 characters are allowed
You should use a Link ID composed of both
alphabetic and numeric characters
Enter a Link Name:
Used as link identification

The default name is Link
Change it to your preferred name
Enter names for Site 1 and Site 2:

The default names are both Location
Change it to your preferred name
Optionally enter a new Link

Password:
The default password is wireless-bridge. If the Link Password is incorrect a link is established but
configuration cannot be performed and no services are available. The link password is peculiar to the link
itself and should not be confused with the RADWIN Manager log on password.

Selecting Channels
RADWIN 2000 employs a
feature called Automatic
Channel Selection (ACS).
In the event of sync loss, ACS
chooses the first available
channel in the list.
Channel
BW
A channel switch takes place

sufficiently fast as to ensure no
loss of service.
CBW availability depend on
product, band and regulation.

Selecting Channels
You can select a channel
without ACS -
ACS not
selected
Selective
Channel

Preferred Channels
Click the Preferred button to choose
a set of preferred channels which will
be used by ACS with highest priority.
We recommend selecting preferred
channels after running spectrum
analysis.
If the preferred channels become noisy,
the ACS mechanism will return to main
ACS list of available channels.
Click here

TX Settings
The choice of Tx Power, Antenna
Gain and Cable Loss (between the
radio and the antenna) determines the
EIRP and is affected by such
considerations as radio limitations and
regulatory restrictions.
Click to
configure
Antenna Mode
Click to configure
Antenna settings

TX Settings

Single vs. Dual
Single and Dual Antennas
Each Airmux-400 ODU is made of two radio
transceivers (radios). The radios make use of
algorithms that utilize both MIMO and Diversity
resulting in enhanced capacity, range and link
availability. The number of antennas (i.e. radios) used
is determined by user configuration and by automatic
system decisions, explained below.
Dual Antennas at Both Sites
When using Dual antennas at both sites (single bipolar
antenna or two uni-polar antennas) you can choose
between MIMO Mode and Diversity Mode.
MIMO Mode
With MIMO the system doubles the link capacity. At
the same time, it keeps the same rate and modulation
per radio as was used with single antenna, thus
increasing capacity, range and availability.

Single vs. Dual
MIMO VS. Single Example:
Air Rate
Antenna Mode
Modulation
FEC
130Mbps
Dual (MIMO)
64 QAM
5/6
65Mbps
Single
64 QAM
5/6
To work in MIMO mode, each antenna port must be

connected to an antenna, the RSS level in both
receivers should be balanced and a minimal separation
between the antennas must be maintained.
By using dual polarization antennas a cross
polarization separation is attained.
Upon selecting Antenna Type as Dual, RADWIN 2000
automatically selects MIMO mode and doubles the air
rates.
RADWIN Manager indicates a case of unbalanced RSS
between the two antennas.

Antenna Modes
Single Antenna, Both Sites:
By selecting a single antenna at
both sites, the ODUs operate with a
single radio that is connected to the
ANT 1 connector (the 2nd radio is
automatically shut down).

Antenna Modes
Single at One Site, Dual
Antennas at the Other:
The advantages are doubled total Tx
Power and additional polarization
and/or space diversity (depending
on the polarization of installed
antennas).
The air rates used in this mode are
same as when using single antennas
in both sites.

Reading EIRP
The Tx Power (per radio) indicates the power
of each radio inside the ODU and is used for

Link Budget Calculations. The Tx Power
(System) shows the total transmission power of
the ODU and is used to calculate the EIRP
according to regulations.
The Max EIRP level will be automatically set
according to the selected band and regulation.
EIRP =
max Tx Power + Antenna Gain - Cable Loss
X [dBm] = 10 x log Y[mW]
If you double the power in mW (for two radios)
then dBm will increase by 3dB:
40mW = 16dBm
80mW = 19dBm
Link Installation Wizard: Step 7 HSS

The remote ODUs that are not located at
the hub site, are called Independent Units.
AIRMUX 400 radios used as independent
units do not require HSS hardware.

TX Ratio
Slide the TX Ratio bar to
the position that best
meets your requirements

TX Ratio
Slide the TX Ratio bar to
the position that best
meets your requirements

TX Ratio
Services and rates of a Master Radio
Services and rates of Collocated Client Radio
Link Installation Wizard: Step 9 TDM

Users may configure here
the rate:
1. ETH
2. ETH+TDM
Link Installation Wizard: Step 9 TDM

When TDM is selected,
selected ports will be
enabled on both sides of
the link

TDM Clock
Transparent/Transparent
The clock at Site A regenerates the clock
from Site B and vice versa.
Loop time/Recover
The Site A port receive-clock is used as the
transmit-clock for that port on both sides
of the link.
Recover/Loop time
The Site B port receive-clock is used as the
transmit-clock for that port on both sides
of the link.
Internal/Recover
The Site A port uses its internal oscillator
to generate its transmit clock while the
Site B port regenerates the clock received
at the Site A port.
Recover/Internal
The Site B port uses its internal oscillator
to generate its transmit clock while the
Site A port regenerates the clock received
at the Site B port.

TDM E1 PHY
If you are using T1 (or international
equivalents), the Clock
Configuration is a little different:
Here you should also chose the Line
Code and Impedance.
Some regulatory areas (such as
Japan) require a 110 Ohm line
impedance.

RATE
Configure here the rate:
1. Adaptive
2. Fixed (per list)
Click Evaluate to continue or

click the TDM Jitter Buffer
tab to set the TDM Jitter Buffer

Jitter Buffer Size
The receiver jitter buffer for each
site can be enlarged, thereby
increasing system resistance to
interference
The larger the jitter buffer, the
longer the interference period that
the system will overcome without
TDM errors
Users can also decrease the jitter
buffer to decrease the system delay
The jitter buffer can be configured
between 2.0 and 16.0 mSec

Jitter TBFR
After setting the new
value you must evaluate
the expected quality.
During the evaluation the
TBFR (TDM Block Failure
Ratio) bar is displayed.

Jitter TBFR
When Evaluation is completed,
TBFR is displayed.
You select either Next, which
performs the change or Back to
cancel the change.
Notice that the Jitter Buffer is
configured per site.
Link Installation Wizard: MHS, Ring

& QOS
These features will be
explained later
Installation Summary
Click Done to return to

the main window.
Installation Summary
Link
Link has
has been
been
installed,
therefore
installed, therefore
button
is
disabled
button is disabled
Confirmation
Confirmation
Status
Status
Verify
Verify that
that the
the
Received
Signal
Received Signal
Strength
Strength (RSS)
(RSS) is
is
according
to
expected
according to expected
results
results as
as
determined
determined by
by the
the Link
Link
Budget
Budget Calculator.
Calculator.
Changing Service (If required)

Installation mode, may be re-entered using Site:A or Site:B and Installation Mode in
the Site Configuration dialog.
Some Installation mode functionality may cause a break in, or degrade link service.
If you can accomplish link changes without affecting the service, always prefer to use
Configuration mode:
Click to configure a
change
Thank
you
for your attention
www.rad.com

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Airmux-400 Series

The Complete training Course

Site Planning/ Design (Day 1)

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

Site Planning/ Design

Site Planning/ Design (Day 1)

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

Topological map of the area

Urban map of the area

Link Budget Calculator and/or Radio Planner

For Physical Survey:

100 meter tape measure

Ohmmeter, to check ground connection

Paper, pencil, and a clipboard

GPS device (optional)

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

High ground - hills or mountains

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

ODU operating temperatures: -35C to 60C (-31F to 140F)

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide

Use the Link Budget

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

Link Budget Calculator

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

LBC Exercise: Throughput VS.

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

LBC Exercise: Maximum

Air Rate (Mbps)

Throughput (FD, Mbps)

Sensitivity THSLD [dBm]

BPSK FEC 0.5

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 1

7. Ensure that all other cables are disconnected before

disconnecting the ground

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

Pole Mounting Band

Wall Mounting Unit

Shielded RJ45 Male Connector

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

Lightning Protection at ODU

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

Lightning Protection at POE

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

Mounting the ODU

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

ODU Pole Mounting Kit

Screw hex head M8x40

Screw hex head M8x70

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

Aligning Local radio & Remote radio

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

Aligning Local radio & Remote radio

Airmux-400 version 2.4.5 GA Slide 2

AIRMUX MANAGER TOOL

Airmux Manager HW requirement

RAM: Min. 512 MB

Airmux-400 Radio&Antenna Installation

Airmux-400 Radio&Antenna Installation