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VECTORS
10 November 2016
Physical quantities
Scalar Quantity
Magnitude only (no direction)
Examples: mass, time, volume, temperature
can be manipulated using ordinary arithmetic?
YES!
Vector Quantity
Direction + Magnitude
Examples: Force, Velocity, Acceleration
can be manipulated using ordinary arithmetic?
Vectors
Represented by arrows
Arrowhead
Magnitude, A
Direction,
Vector Notation
When handwritten, use an arrow:
When dealing with just the magnitude of a
quantity?
A) Time
B) Velocity
C) Energy
D) Density
Direction of a vector
Using the POSITIVE X-AXIS
y
150
30
210
Direction of a vector
Using the X- and Y-AXES
y
60
30
60
30
x
30 above x
60 to the left of +y
30 above +x
60 to the right of +y
Direction of a vector
Using the GEOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS
N
60
W
30
60
30
30 N of W or 60 W of N
W 30N or N 60W
S
30 N of E or 60 E of N
E 30N or N 60E
North?
A)
B)
D)
C)
Properties of VECTORS
Equality of Two Vectors
Two vectors are equal if they have the same
magnitude and the same direction
Negative Vectors
AB
Adding Vectors
Units must be the same, directions must be
noted
Geometric Methods
Algebraic Methods
The resultant vector (sum) is denoted as
VECTORS RESOLUTION
Graphical
Geometric method ( Triangle/Polygon
Method)
Algebraic /Analytical
Component Method
GRAPHICAL METHOD:
Adding Vectors Geometrically (Triangle or Polygon
Method)
Graphically Adding
Vectors
When you have many
Vector Subtraction
Special case of
vector addition
the subtracted
vector
Continue with
standard vector
addition procedure
method.
A) Analytical Method
B) Component Method
C) Graphical Method
D) Algebraic Method
The Components of a
Vector
The x- and y-components
The x-component of a
vector is the projection
along A
the
x-axis
x A cos
The y-component of a
vectorAisy the
projection
A sin
A theAx-axis
x Ay
to
tan
Ax
The y-component of a
A A cos
vector isy the projection
along the y-axis
Ax
tan
Ay
Apply: SOH-CAH-TOA!
A 4.8km,32 below x
Ax 4.07 km
A 4.8km,32 below x
Ay 2.54km
Ay
Ax
Model Problem
A commuter airplane starts
from an airport and takes the
route as shown in the figure. The
plane first flies to city A, located
175 km away in a direction 30
north of east. Next it flies for 150
km 20 west of north, to city B.
Finally, the plane flies 190 km
due west, to city C. Find the
location of city C relative to the
location of the starting point.
STEP 1
Cx
By
Cy 0
Bx
20
Ax
A
Ay
30
x
STEP 2
X Components
Ax A cos 30 175km cos 30 151.55km
Bx B cos 70 150km cos 70 51.30km
C x C cos 0 190km cos 0 190.00km
Y Components
STEP 3
X Components
Rx Ax Bx C x ...
Rx Ax ( Bx ) (C x )
Rx 151.55km (51.30km) (190.00km)
Rx 89.75km
R y Ay B y C y ...
Y Components
R y Ay B y C y
R y 87.50km 140.95km 0km
R y 228.45km
STEP 4
R?
R y 228.45km
Rx 89.75km
What is
R?
R y 228.45km
?
x
Rx 89.75km
R Rx Ry
What is
R?
R Rx Ry
R y 228.45km
?
x
Rx 89.75km
R 245.45km,
What is
Ry
tan
R
x
1 228.45km
tan
89.75km
1
R y 228.45km
68.55
Rx 89.75km
Final Answer: