Year 10

Health and Physical

Education

Our Topics
Determinantes of Health
Healthy Living Programs and
Nutrition
Developing Fitness and Energy
Systems
First Aid

Expectations
You need to bring your HPE
uniform on prac PE days.
If you are unable to participate in
a prac class, you need to bring a
note from home (or have your
parents email me).
You need to make sure you keep
an up to date notebook and come
to class prepared.

What is health?

Write your own definition of what

health is:

Health is:
Dictionary
Definition:
A state of being
free from illness
or injury
A persons
physical or
mental
condition

World Health
Organisation
(WHO) Definition:
Health is a state of
complete physical,
mental and social
well-being and not
merely the absence
of disease or
infirmity.

Wellbeing
The Who definition of Health also includes
the concept of Wellbeing. This is a state
of being healthy, happy and contented and
is usually determined by the individuals
self assessment.
What is the difference between health and
wellbeing? Considering these two
concepts, develop your own description of
health.

Dimensions of health and

you
There are three components
or
dimensions of health. These
dimensions combine to form an
individuals or groups health Status.
They are:

Physical Health
Social Health
Mental Health

Physical Health

Physical Health is the efficient

functioning of the body and its systems
and includes the physical capacity to
perform tasks and physical fitness.

Why is the level of physical health of an

individual what most people think of
when they hear the term health?

Physical Health

Social Health
The social dimension of health refers to being able to
interact with others and participate in the community
in both an independent and cooperative way.
Social development is forming relationships
Peer-group relationships are critical in establishing an
identity and being accepted
Self-esteem is a key characteristic of youth
development, how might positive self esteem
develop in youth? What about negative self esteem?

Social Health

Mental Health
According to the World Health
Organization, mental health is defined
as:
A state of wellbeing in which the
individual realises his or her own
abilities, can cope with the normal
stresses of life, can work
productively and fruitfully, and is
able to make a contribution to his or

Mental Health

Mental Health
The youth stage of the lifespan is
characterised by individuals increasingly
understanding their intellect and emotions
Mental development includes:

Managing changing relationships

Meeting basic needs
Managing grief and loss
Coping with stress

Factors that affect our

health
Overall, health status of Australians has
improved significantly
Mortality Rates have decreased
Life Expectancy has increased by nearly 30 years

Unfortunately not all groups within Australians

share the same level of good health as the rest
of the population
The factors that lead to differences in health
status are collectively known as the
Determinants of Health

Determinants of Health
Health of an individual is based on:
Uncontrollable Factors (genetics, gender,
predisposition to a disease)
Controllable Factors (diet, smoking status,
exercise levels)
All these factors (that determine health status)are
known as determinants of health and can be
classified into 3 categories

Differences between dimensions

and determinants of health
Dimensions of health:
What is health?
Physical, social, mental
Determinant of health:
How health status is determined
Behavioural, biological, social

Determinants of Health

Determinants of Health
All
Determina
nts
Biological
Determinants
Factors relating
to the body that
impact on health,
such as:
Genetics,
hormones, body
weight, blood
pressure,
cholesterol, birth

Behavioural
Determinants
Actions or
patterns of living
of an individual or
group that impact
on health, such
as:
Smoking, sexual
activity, eating
practices

Social
Determinants
Aspects of
society and the
social
environment
that impact on
health, such as:
Poverty, early
life experiences,
social networks

Determinants of Health
The determinants of health can sometimes be
referred to as RISK FACTORS or PROTECTIVE
FACTORS
Risk Factor determinants which are
detrimental to health (smoking)
Protective Factors Promote or enhance health
(exercising)

Relationship of
determinates
RISK factors those
factors that are
detrimental to health

Behavioural
excessive
drinking

Many determinants
interrelate
Biological overweight

Social lack
of social
connections

Relationship of
determinates

PROTECTIVE factors
those factors that
promote or enhance
health

Behavioural
regular
physical
activity

Many determinants
interrelate
Biologicalhealthy body
weight

Social
belonging to a
team

Biological Determinants

Biological determinant: Body

weight
The effect of Body Weight on the health status
of Australians
Health
Over
Under
weight

y
weight
range

weigh
t
Obese

Maintaining a healthy body weight is

beneficial for health
Genetics plays a role in body weight as does
food intake
Young people who are overweight or obese

Biological determinant: Body

weight
The effect of Body Weight on the health status
of Australians
Health
Over
Under
weight

y
weight
range

weigh
t
Obese

AFFECTS ON HEALTH
Effect on Physical
Health
high blood
pressure
high blood
cholesterol
impaired glucose
regulation

Effect on Social
Health
social
marginalisation
(being separated
from the rest of
society)

Effect on Mental
Health
low self esteem

Activity
In groups come up with as many
factors (that affect health status)
that can be associated with:
Being Overweight or Obese
Being Underweight

BIOLOGICAL

BEHAVIOURAL

SOCIAL

APPLE VS. PEAR

THE TENDENCY TO DEPOSIT FAT AROUND THE
MIDDLE OF THE BODY IS INFLUENCED BY A PERSONS
GENES.

Which body shape

is at higher risk of
CVD, diabetes,
hypertension and
high cholesterol
and why?

Biological determinant:
Genetics
Body fat distribution and health risk
A persons waist circumference is a health risk
Fat around the abdomen pot belly more likely to
develop obesity-related health conditions
diabetes
high cholesterol
hypertension
CVD
Fat around the hips and buttocks not the same risk
Body type affect self esteem and self concept

Biological determinant:
Genetics

Predisposition to skin cancer

Individual
Biological

Genetics
Fair skin
(skin type is
genetic)
Parents skin
cancer
Moles on
body

Behaviour
al

Exposure to UV
radiation
Sunburn
particularly
childhood
Social
?

Outside Job

Behavioral Determinants

Behavioural determinant: Physical

activity
Physical activity can take many forms. All that is required is that the
body is moving.
Protective Factors
Risk Factors

Physical ACTIVITY can assist with

reducing the risk of:
.
.

Physical INACTIVITY is
associated with many health
outcomes:
.
.
.

Behavioural determinant: Physical

activity
Physical activity can take many forms. All that is required is that the
body is moving.
Protective Factors
Risk Factors

Physical ACTIVITY can assist with

reducing the risk of:
Obesity (use more energy).
Stress relief exercise
produces endorphins. These
hormones promote feelings of
wellbeing.
Weight bearing activity helps to
keep muscular and skeletal
systems strong, reducing the risk
of conditions like osteoporosis.

Physical INACTIVITY is
associated with many health
outcomes:
Obesity (use less energy
therefore leading to an
increase in body weight).
Mental health issues
(depression, anxiety &
stress).
Increased risk of
osteoporosis.

Reasons why we are inactive

Increase in technology
(entertainment & labour saving.)
Less use of active transport (riding,
walking)
Safety fears kids not playing on
the streets.

Behavioural determinant: Diet

The food people eat has a major effect on all dimensions of health.
We rely on food for:
energy
production of new cells.

Risk Factors

Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake has been linked to a range

of conditions including:
Colorectal Cancer fibre (a key nutrient in fruit and veg) can reduce
the risk of this disease by assisting in the removal of waste from the
digestive tract.
Obesity, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, impaired glucose
regulation, type 2 diabetes & CVD.
Birth defects - Folate (found in fruit and veg) is vital for early
development in the womb. Lack of folate has been linked to Spina
Bifida and other neural tube defects.

Behavioural determinant: Diet

Risk Factors (continued)
Foods high in salt contain high amounts of sodium which can
contribute to hypertension.
High amounts of sugar in the diet adds extra kilojoules that can be
stored as fat if not expended (therefore increasing the risk of overweight
and obesity). Sugar also provides nourishment to bacteria in the mouth.
These bacteria produce acid which can damage tooth enable and lead to
tooth decay.
Lack of calcium in the diet can mean bones may not be as strong as
they could be, therefore increasing the risk of osteoporosis. (Most
important for women, who due to less peak bone mass and menopausal
hormonal changes are at increased risk)
Lack of Iron can contribute to anaemia. Iron is essential for the
formation of haemoglobin which carries oxygen within the blood. Women
are at greater risk due to menstrual cycles.

Activity
How many pieces of fruit did you eat
yesterday?

How many vegetables did you eat yesterday?

Behavioural determinant: Diet

According to the Dept
of Health and Ageing,
individuals should be
consuming the
serves of fruit and
vegetables shown in
the table
1 serve of fruit includes: 1 med piece (an apple, banana, pear); 2 sml
pieces (apricots, kiwifruit); cup juice.
1 serve of vegetables includes: cup cooked vegetables; cup
cooked dried beans, peas or lentils; 1 cup salad vegetables; 1 potato.

PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Fruit and vegetables are low in fat, which can promote health of the
digestive system.
Fruit and vegetables also provide a range of essential nutrients. People
who eat adequate amounts of fruit & veg will fill fuller for longer,
therefore being less likely to consume energy dense foods (high amounts

Behavioural determinant:
Relationships
The peer group is increasingly in influential during youth
Young people rely on each other more heavily
Friendships give an alternative to the family (seek advice and
support)
Protective Factors
Risk Factors

Influence other behaviours e.g.

exercise and risk-taking
activities (affecting physical
health & development).
Encourage social development
by engaging youth in social
activities (communication skills
& social roles)
Encourage and support each
other (promoting mental
health).

Influence other behaviours such

as risk-taking behaviours &
substance use (affecting physical
health & development).

Social determinants
Socio
Econom
ic
Status

Access
to
Health
Care

Work
Early
Life
Experien
ces

Transp
ort

Social
Determin
ants

Housi
ng

Food
Secur
ity

Social
Exclusi
on

Stres
s

Social determinants:
Housing
The housing environment is a significant determinant of health

Promote good health or contribute to ill health

Write examples of how housing might contribute to

Good Health and Ill Health

Good Health

ill Health

Social factors: Housing

The housing environment is a significant determinant
of health
Promote good health or contribute to ill health
ILL HEALTH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Overcrowding impacts on mental health and creates unhygienic

conditions infectious and parasitic diseases
Noise and overcrowding impacts on sleeping conditions
Lack of security stress and anxious
Design and safety accidents and falls
Pollutants tobacco smoke, asbestos, dust, pet hair asthma
Hygiene adequate hot and cold water and washing facilities
Adequate water supply safe for drinking
Cooking facilities conducive to eating a nutritionally sound diet.

Social factors: Transport

Access to
health care

Access to
shops
and
supermarke
ts

However rural and remote areas are vulnerable to

transport issues
Modes of transport can act to promote health or
detract from it.
Improve physical health
Reduce fatal accidents
Increase social interaction
Reduce air pollution

Transport
If you needed to get to the city from
your house, how many different
forms of transport could you use?

Transport
List 3 ways of getting around that
you consider to be healthy transport

Transport
How could transport have an impact
on health?

SocialWork
determinants:
and Unemployment Work
Social Determinants

The type of work Work

+ve or ve effect on
health
Aspects of work that can affect health:
Relationships at work employer, colleagues, public,
conflict
Physical work space UV exposure, heating and
cooling, seating arrangements, tools and machinery
Demands of the Long
job working hours: Heavy
workload: Lack of job security:
Harassment: Discrimination

Stress

Depression: Anxiety: Fatigue: Headaches:

Increase risk of CVD

Social determinants: Work

There is a relationship between types of job and mortality
rates

Adults spend more time in the workplace, therefore have an

increased risk of workplace injury and illness

Males tend to have higher rates of injury compared to females

why might this be?

Younger workers more injury

why?

Shift work two times the injury rate compared to full time work
why might this be?

Social determinants: Work

Do you have a
Part Time Job
and if so, do
you enjoy it,
feel supported
and have good
relationships
with the
people you
work with?

Social determinants: Work

Work can
influence your
health.
Suggest one
way that work
can promote
Physical health
Mental health
Social health

Social determinants: Socio Economic

Status
Socio Economic Status measure of an
adults or familys economic or social
position within society relative to others

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mmmmmm
mmmmmm

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mmmmmm
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There are 3 factors which influence Socio Economic Status.

Can you think of them?

Social determinants: Socio Economic

Status
Socio Economic Status measure of an
adults or familys economic or social
position within society relative to others

High SES
Medium
SES
Low SES

Social determinants: Socio Economic

Status
High SES
Resources, opportunities and power to make
decisions
Tend to have better health and live
longer

Higher education levels

jobs
more income

higher paid
more

Social determinants: Socio Economic

Status
Low Socio Low
Economic
Status
SES
Reduced life expectancy

Exercise less

Premature mortality

Greater risk of overweight and

obesity

Increased disease incidence

and prevalence

Greater risk of Type 2 diabetes,

CVD, arthritis, mental health
issues

Increased biological and

behavioural risk factors

Greater risk respiratory

conditions asthma

Lower overall health

Visit doctor, hospitals more

regularly

More likely to smoke

Use less preventable health

services

Eat less fruit and vegetables

Lower skilled manual labour

greater levels of disability and

Social determinants: Socio Economic

Status

The 1st Quintile = the most disadvantaged population in regards to SES

Why are more disadvantaged people (regarding to SES) more likely to smoke?

Create a Mind Map