Production

Techniques-II
ME F313

Economics of Machining Processes

Objective:
In

all manufacturing operations, all relevant

parameters in machining can be chosen and
specified in such a manner that the machining
cost per piece and machining time per piece is
minimized.

Economics of Machining cont

Various Factors involved in economics of

machining:
Machine tools, fixtures and cutting tools.
Labor and overhead.
Time consumed in setting up the machine for

particular operation.
Material handling and movement of parts such as
loading and unloading of parts.
Gauging
Cutting time and non-cutting time

Economics of Machining cont

For analysis of economics of machining we will
focus on
1. Optimizing cutting parameters for minimum cost.
2. Optimizing cutting parameters for maximum
production.

Optimizing cutting parameters for

minimum cost
R = R1+R2+R3+R4+R5
where
R = Total cost / piece
R1 = Material cost / piece
R2 = Setup and idle time cost / piece
R3 = Machining cost / piece
R4 = Tool changing cost / piece
R5 = Tool regrinding cost / piece

Material cost: It does not depend on the cutting

conditions and remains as a constant (R1).

Set-up and idle time cost: It is given by the product
of the set-up and idle time and the cost/unit time of
labour and overheads. It is also independent of
cutting conditions.
Machining cost: It is given by product of the

machining time/piece and cost/unit of labour and

overheads.

Tool changing cost:

Number of times the tool has to be changed per pass.
If T is the tool life depending on f and v, the tool has to
be changed
times. Thus,

Tool regrinding cost: If the permitted size of the

flank wear
be reground (

, the minimum length of the tool to

) can be found as

Each grinding cost is given as

A tool has to be ground
times, the tool regrinding
cost/piece works out to be

If the total cost of a new tool is A and total length that

can be ground off is B then the cost per mm of the

tool ground is given by

Total cost per piece can be expressed as

Optimum speed for a given feed

?
13

Thanks