Mudaliar Commission

1952-53
A Power Point Presentation
By
Sudha Pandeya

Commission was comprised of

Chairman- Dr. A. Lakshmanswami

Mudaliar, V. C. Madras University.
Member Secretary- Principal A.N.
Basu, Central Institute of
Education, Delhi.
Assistant Secretary- Dr. S. M.
Dhari, Education Officer, Ministry
of Education, along with seven
members.

Terms of reference of the

Commission

After accepting the proposal of

Central Advisory Board of Education,
Government of India appointed
Secondary Education Commission on
23 September1952.
The area of work and investigation of
-Commission wereTo enquire into and report on the
present position of Secondary
Education in India in all its aspects
and

Contd.
Suggest measures for its
reorganisation and improvement
with particular
reference
to: higher
Its relationship
to primary,
basic and

education.
The aims ,organization and content of Secondary
education.
The inter-relation of Secondary Schools of
different types and
other allied problem so that a sound and
reasonably uniform system of Secondary
Education suited to our needs and resources
may be provided for the whole country.

Report of the Commission

The Commission prepared a

questionnaire related to problems of
education and send it to various
educationists, teachers and
educational institutes. On the basis
of their answers The Commission
had prepared a report of 244 pages
which was divided in14/15 Chapters
on 29 August 1953 and presented to
the Government of India.

Recommendations of the
Commission

Defects of Secondary education areSecondary education is bookish,

monotonous and stereotyped.
It is not suitable to all types of
students.
It is not related to life.
It does not develop the all round
personality of the students.
It does not give practical knowledge.

Contd.

Defective teaching methods and more

stress on examinations.
It is one -sided and prepares students
for exams only.
There is no vocational education.
Rigid time table does not provide
opportunity for self expression.
Compulsory English is torturing for
weak students.
More students in a class, no provision
for sports and physical training.

Aims of Secondary education

Development of democratic
citizenship.
Initiation into art of living.
Development of personality.
Improvement of vocational
efficiency.
Education for leadership.
Development of true patriotism.

New organisational pattern of secondary

education

Secondary education should be of 7 years

It should be for children of 11to 17 years.
It suggested to end intermediate college
and merge class11 withsecondary schools
and class 12 with B.A.
Commission divided secondary education
into two partsJunior secondary education for three years
and senior secondary for 4years.

contd.

Degree course should be of three years.

One year pre- university course for high
school students to enter in university.
Students who passed pre university should
be allowed to enter in professional courses.
Multipurpose schools should be
established to take care of various abilities
of students.
Special arrangement of agriculture
,horticulture, animal husbandary teaching
in village schools.

Contd.

Technical education-large number

of schools should be opened along
with Central Technical Institutions.
Such institutions should be opened
near factories so that students can
take practical trainings.
Industrial education cess should be
levied on industries to finance
technical education.

Contd.

Other types of schoolPublic schools should be

reconstructed as secondary schools
after 5 years
The boys and girls should be provided
same education through co education
but there should be provision of home
science teaching for girls.
Girls schools should be opened in the
areas where required.

Curriculum

Commission supported flexible

curriculum which can be related with
interest, need and life of students.
It should be such that it can train the
students for work and leisure both.
Productive works should be given
importance.
It should include practical knowledge
along with theoretical knowledge.

Subjects for Curriculum

Junior High School Languages, Social

Study, General Science, Mathematics, Art
& Craft, Music, Physical Education.
Secondary Education Diversification of
course has been done. There are some
core subjects like Hindi, Social Science,
Math and one craft which every student
has to study. Along with it there are some
optional subjects classified in seven groups
like Humanities, Science, Technical
subjects, Commerce, Agriculture, Fine Arts
and Home Science.

Study of Languages

Hindi has been taken as the

national language.
For government services Hindi
is compulsory.
English is compulsory for
secondary level.
Sanskrit is also included as a
third language which is optional.

Medium of Instruction

The medium of instruction

should be mother tongue or
regional languages.
Along with the mother tongue
and regional languages,
national language and a
foreign language should also
be taught.

Textbooks

Textbooks should be selected very

carefully. There should be a
committee for selection and reforms.
There should be a definite standard
for printing, cover and front page of
the book.
There should be no such book which
spread hatred, enemity against any
community, religion or social customs.
There should be more than one
textbooks for a subject.

Teaching Methods

Teaching method should be adopted

according to the need of moral, social and
mental development of students.
Teaching method should be activity based. It
should not stress on verbalism and
memorization.
Various types of expression works should be
included in each subject.
Teaching method should be adopted in such
a way that it takes care of individual
difference.
There should be more stress on experimental
and demonstration method.

Place of Library in School

Libraries should be given a form of an

intellectual laboratory. And it should help
in completing personal and group works,
literary interests and co-curricular
activities.
Libraries should be made the most
attractive place for students.
The books and magazines should be
according to need and interest of the
teachers and students.

Contd.

There should be a trained

librarian in the libraries.
Libraries should be open during
the vacations as well so that
students and society can
benefit from them.

Education of Character

School is a small society and the

values, outlook, actions of students
are important from the point of view
of national importance. So, they
should be trained accordingly.
There should be close relationship
between the teachers and students
for best discipline.

Contd.

There should be self-government in

the school run by House System,
Prefects, Monitors and Student
Council should be given important
place.
Co-curricular activities should be
encouraged and extra-curricular
activities should be also included in
school education.
NCC, Scout camps should be
encouraged.

Contd.

First aid and junior red-cross

work should be encouraged.
Code of conduct for students
should be made and
maintained.

Guidance in Education

There should be appointment of

Guidance officers and career
masters in the schools for
educational, personal and
vocational guidance.
There should be arrangement
of film shows,excursions related
to various industries.

Physical Welfare of Students

There should be School Medical

Service in every state.
There should be provision of regular
health check-up of every student in
the school.
Health Report of every student
should be prepared and
doctor,parents and class teacher
should keep one copy of it.

Contd.

There should be arrangement of

balanced and nutritious diet in
hostels and Residential schools.
Teachers of physical education
should be treated equally like subject
teachers.
Physical Education Training Centre
should be opened at national level.
There should be complete record of
physical activities of students.

Examination and Evaluation

The number of external examinations

should be reduced.
There should be only one Public
Examination after completion of syllabus.
Questions should be objective and
subjective elements should be reduced.
Questions should be based on the full
syllabus.
Examiners should be selected cautiously.

Contd.

While evaluating the works of

students, internal examinations,
periodical tests and school records
should also be considered.
Students should be evaluated on 5point scale, where A is distinction, B is
credit, C is pass, D & E is fail or reexam.
There should be provision for
compartmental examination for one
subject.

Improvement in Teacher
Status

The procedure of selection and

appointment of teachers should be
uniform throughout the country.
The probation period of trained
teachers should be one year.
Secondary school teachers should
be trained graduate and higher
secondary school teachers should
be trained post-graduate.

Contd.

Teachers who are equally qualified

should be paid equally throughout
the country.
There should be Triple Benefit
Scheme for teachers which includes
pension, provident fund and life
insurance.
There should be arbitration board to
solve the grievances of teachers.
The retirement age of teachers
should be 60 years.

Contd.

The teachers ward should study free

in the school.
Teachers should be provided
residential and medical facilities,
study leave, traveling allowances,
etc.
Private tuition should be banned.
To improve their social status,
teachers should be honoured time to
time.

Teachers Training

Higher Secondary teachers should be

given two-year training and graduates
should be given one-year training.
Pupil teachers should be trained in
one or more extra-curricular activities.
There should be provision for
Refresher Course and Practical
Training and Workshops in Training
colleges.

Contd.

Training Colleges should not

charge any fee from pupil
teachers. State should provide
stipends.
There should be hostels in
training colleges.
The teachers who have three
year teaching experience only
should be eligible for M.Ed.

Administration

Director of education should be

direct in touch with education
minister.
There should be a board of 25
members for inspection and coordination of education.
Central Advisory Board of Education
should work as a coordinator in
solving the problems of education at
national level.

Contd.
Eligibility criteria for applying for school
inspectors should be
10 years of teaching experience.
Headmasters of the high-school.
Able teachers of training colleges.
School should be given recognition
only when they fulfill all the
conditions.
In rural areas, schools should be at the
reach of people of surrounding
villages.

Contd.
Every classroom should have the capacity of
accommodating 30-40 students.
Every schools should have co-operative
stores so that students can get the
necessary things.
School should work at least 200 days in a
year and teaching work should be done
35 periods per week.
There should be at least 2 month vacation in
summer and 10-15 days holidays in
winter.

Finance

On secondary level for technical and

vocational education, Industrial
Education Cess should be imposed.
Some part of the income from
railway, telecommunication and post
should be spent for developing the
technical education. There should
not be imposition of income tax on
the development fund of secondary
education.

Merits of Commission

Activity based education.

Stress on agricultural education.
Discussion of aims of secondary
education.
Child-centered education.
Improvement in teachers salary
and position.
Co-curricular activities.

Contd.

No more stress on external

examinations.
Stress on multi-purpose schools.
Suggestion to open technical
schools near industries.

Demerits of the Commission

The suggestions are given in haste,

so problems are still there.
No new statement regarding the
improvement of social and economic
conditions of teachers.
No suggestion regarding women
education.
Still stress on English.

Thank You