BASIC CIVIL AND

ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING

Prepared by
Mandar Patil,
Abhishek Deore,
Abhijit Dhandge,
Harshal Patil,

ENERGY SOURCES

1-Conventional Energy
sources
2- Non-conventional
energy sources

Energy Source-Fuels
Classification
Non
renewable

Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Oil Shale
Tar Sands
Nuclear Fission

Renewable

Solar
Hydro
Wind
Tidal
Biomass
Nuclear Fusion
3

CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
SOURCES
Conventional

energy sources are also called

As Non-Renewable sources of energy.
Once utilized, they cannot be replaced easily.
The examples of that energy sources are
Coal, Natural gas, Petroleum.
Uranium,

Thorium and Lithium are

consist in
This category.

COAL
It is composed of highly complex group of
Substance that are mainly the product
of organic decay.
They have wide range of Physical and
chemical
Properties.
It is formed by the modification of the
plant matter
According to carbon content it is lignite at
lower end and bituminous at higher end.

NATURAL GAS AND PETROLEUM

1- They are naturally occurring
fossils fuels with limited stocks.
2- These energy sources are
mainly in transportation sector.
3- It is mostly used to generate electricity
for human as well as country
development.

Petroleum site

Solar Energy

SOLAR ENERGY
Sunlight is the main source of energy on the
earth
as well as in the ecosystem.
All fossils fuels are organic in nature and thus
sunlight is their source of energy.
The amount of solar energy striking on the
earth
is tremendous. The solar energy received by the
Earth is equivalent to 684 billion tones of coal.
Solar energy is used to produce heating effect
As well as Electricity.

Solar energy
Solar
energy is the
most readily available
source of energy. It
does not belong to
anybody
and
is,
therefore, free. It is
also
the
most
important of the nonconventional sources
of energy because it is
non-polluting
and,
therefore,
helps
in
lessening
the

Wind Energy

WIND ENERGY
It is one of the better source of Non-conventional
sources of energy for generation of the electricity.
It has better efficiency over tidal and solar energy
sources.
The site of the windmills shall be at higher
elevations so that velocity of wind is high. The
area should be open in such a way that the wind
strikes with a high velocity to the wind mills.
In some states like Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Tamilnadu gaining a lot of popularity.

WIND ENERGY
In our country, there is a lot of research is
going
on the generation of electricity by the
windmills.
wind mills are also used for to pumping the
water for agricultural purpose, for grinding
food grains.

energy associated with the

movement of atmospheric
air. It has been used for
hundreds of years for sailing,
grinding
grain,
and
for
irrigation.
Wind
energy
systems convert this kinetic
energy to more useful forms
of
power.
Wind
energy
systems for irrigation and
milling have been in use
since ancient times and since
the beginning of the 20th
century it is being used to
generate
electric
power.
Windmills for water pumping
have been installed in many

Energy from the

moon

Tides generated by the combination

of the moon and suns gravitational
forces
Greatest affect in spring when moon
and sun combine forces
Bays and inlets amplify the height of
the tide
In order to be practical for energy
production, the height difference
needs to be at least 5 meters
Only 40 sites around the world of this
magnitude
Overall potential of 3000 giga watts
from movement of tides

How it works

First generation, barrage-style tidal power

plants
Works by building Barrage to contain water
after high tide, then water has to pass
through a turbine to return to low tide
Sites in France (La Rance), Canada
(Annapolis), and Russia
Future sites possibly on Severn River in
England, San Francisco bay,
Passamaquoddy

1022

Btus

Energy Scale

Annual energy from sun reaching earth

1020
1018
1016

World annual energy consumption

U.S. annual energy consumption

1014
1012
1010
10 8
10 6
10 4
10 2
10 0

World per capita annual energy consumption

U.S. per capita annual energy consumption
Energy in one gallon of gasoline
Average daily human food intake
Energy needed to raise the temperature
of one pound of water by one degree
Farenheit
33

Fundamental Forms of Energy

Mechanical
Heat
Radiant - Sun Light
Electrical
Chemical - Food we eat and a tank of
gasoline
Nuclear - Nuclear Reactor, Bombs
used in war

34

Environmental Issues

Energy and Environment

Greenhouse

effect and global

warming
Ozone Layer Destruction
Acid Rain Formation
Radiation and Health

35

EnergyConversionthings
EnergyInput

EnergyOutput
Hair Dryer

Dams

Transducers

Solar plates

Automobile
37