Quoting, Paraphrasing,

Summarizing, and
Plagiarizing

Rita Darmayanti, SS., M.Pd

Whats the difference?

Quoting

 Quotations must be exactly

like the original.

 You must give credit to the

original author.

Example of Quotes

I have a
dream
--Martin Luther King

Summarizi
ng

 Summarizing involves
putting the main idea into
your own words.

Summaries are much

shorter than the
original and take an
overview of the
material.

You can summarize

a whole book!
A whole series of books!

What is the Harry Potter

series about?
The series is about a boy who
discovers he is a wizard, then goes
to wizard school for seven years
where he must battle an evil
character.
That is a summary of 4,175 pages!

Lets practice summarizing:

All the teachers at Lilburn Elementary will
be attending a lecture on Thursday at the
University of Georgia. The famous author,
J. K. Rowling will be speaking to the
elementary teachers and staff. The
lecture will conclude with an autograph
session and a reception in the auditorium.
This conference will be sponsored by The
Steven Spielberg Council for Under
Appreciated School Librarians, and each
librarian attending will receive the entire
set of novels by J. K. Rowling, including a
preview of her new book, Mystery in the
Under Staffed Media Center.

Summary

Due to a lecture offered to all

teachers, there will be no
school on Thursday.
Atlanta Journal & Constitution

Plagiarism
Plagiarism occurs when a writer
deliberately uses someone elses
language, ideas, or other original
(not common-knowledge) material
without acknowledging its source.
Stolley, Karl. "Avoiding Plagiarism." The OWL at
Perdue. 30 Sept 2008. Perdue University. 6 Nov
2008
<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/
01/>.

Paraphrasin
g

Paraphrasing is putting a
section from the original
material into your own
words.

 You must cite the original

material here also.

Paraphrased material is usually

shorter than the original
passage.
It takes an overview of the
whole topic.

Could you paraphrase

the whole Harry Potter
series?

NO

Paraphrasing
Techniques
1. Change from a Clause to a Phrase (or
vice versa)
2. Change from Quoted Speech to
Indirect Speech (or vice versa)
3. Change from Active Voice to Passive
Voice (or vice versa)
4. Change to Synonyms
5. Change Word Forms

Change from a Clause to a Phrase

After he studied, John took a nap.
After studying, John took a nap.
The house across the street is new.
The house that is across the

street is new.

Change from Quoted Speech to

Indirect Speech
Mr. Lee said, I am ready for lunch.
Mr. Lee said he was ready for lunch.

I am ready
for lunch.

Change from Active Voice to

Passive Voice
A hotel employee will carry your
bags.
Your bags will be carried by a
hotel employee.

and replace words with

synonyms.
A hotel employee will carry your bags.
Your bags will be carried by a hotel
employee.
Your luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.

Change Word Forms

Use an adverb instead of an adjective
Use a verb to replace a noun.
GROG is an accurate typist.
GROG types accurately.

Change to Synonyms
Replace the original words with words

that mean the same.

The stallion was content with the mare.
The stallion was happy with the mare.

When You cant find a Synonym

Replace the original word with a

definition.

The stallion was content with the mare.

The male horse was happy with the
female horse.

Combine Techniques
Change to a phrase & add
synonyms or definitions
After he ate lunch, Mike took a nap.
After eating lunch, Mike slept a little.

Combine Techniques
Change to a phrase & add synonyms or
definitions
The house that is across the street is old.
The house across the street is old.
The house on the other side of the street is
old.
The dwelling on the other side of the road is
ancient.

Interpret Meaning.Identify the

underlying meaning of a statement.
The wolf said, I am ready for lunch.
The sheep looked very
worried.
The
wolf complained about being
hungry which made the sheep
extremely anxious.
I am
ready for
Lunch

Change transitions
Although it was raining, Bob walked
to work.
It was raining, but Bob walked to
work.
It was raining, however, Bob walked
to work.

 and change word forms

Although it was raining, Bob walked to work.
It was raining, but Bob walked to work.
It was raining; however, Bob walked to work.

Despite the rain, Bob went to work on foot.

Example 1
Passage from Book
Ancient Egyptians
believed that Osiris, a
good and wise king, was
the first pharaoh. He
spread knowledge to
other parts of the world,
while his wife, Isis,
ruled Egypt in his place.

Good Example 1
HIGHLIGHTED PASSAGE
ORIGINAL
Ancient EgyptiansPASSAGE
believed
Osiris, aEgyptians
good and wise
that
Ancient
king, was the first pharaoh.
believed that Osiris, a
He spread knowledge to
good
and
king, was
other
parts
of wise
the world,
while
wife,
Isis, ruledHe
the his
first
pharaoh.
Egypt in his place

spread knowledge to
other parts of the world,
while his wife, Isis,
ruled Egypt in his place.

PARAPHRASED
PASSAGE
King Osiris was the first
pharaoh and spread
knowledge. Queen Isis
ruled Egypt when he
was gone.

Poor Example 1
Highlighted
Original
Passage
Poor Paraphrasing
AncientPassage
King Osiris was an
Egyptians
Ancientthat
Egyptians
believed
Osiris, a
ancient Egyptian King
good
and wise
king, was
and the first pharaoh.
believed
that
the
first pharaoh.
He was good and wise
Osiris,
a goodHeand
spread knowledge to
because he spread
wise king, was the
other parts of the world,
knowledge to other parts
first pharaoh.
He
while
his wife, Isis,
of the world. His wife
spread
knowledge
ruled
Egypt
in his place.
Isis ruled Egypt in his
to other parts of the
place.
world, while his
wife, Isis, ruled

Example 2
Passage from Book

Osiris and Set

Upon returning home,

Osiris was murdered by
his evil brother Set, who
cut Osiriss body into
pieces and dumped it in
the Nile River. Isis
found the body and put
it back together by
winding linen bandages
around it.

Good Example 2
Original
Passage
Highlighted
Upon returning
home,
Passage
Osiris was murdered by
Upon
his evil returning
brother, Set who
home,
Osiris
cut his body
into was
pieces
and dumped it
the
murdered
byinhis
Nile River. Isis found
evil
brother, Set
the body and put it back
who
cutbyhis
body
together
winding
linen pieces
bandagesand
around
into
it.
dumped
it in the
Nile River. Isis
found the body and

Paraphrased Passage
Osiriss brother Set
killed Osiris by cutting
his body into pieces, and
Isis put the body back
together.
Isis,
Osiriss
wife

Poor Example 2
Original
Highlighted
Passage
Upon Passage
returning home,
Osiris was
murdered by
Upon
returning
his evil brother, Set who
home,
Osiris
cut his body
intowas
pieces
murdered
and dumped by
it inhis
the
Nilebrother,
River. IsisSet
found
evil
the body and put it back
who
cutbyhis
body
together
winding
into
linenpieces
bandagesand
around
it.
dumped
it in the
Nile River. Isis
found the body and

Poor Paraphrasing
Osiris was murdered and
Isis found the body

Your Turn
o

Remember the Rules

Read the passage carefully
Find the main ideas
Highlight important words or
phrases
Put the main points in your own
words

 Your Turn
Paraphrase the following:
Dont cry over spilled milk.
Paraphrase:
When something bad happens that you cant
control, it doesnt help to get upset.

Example #1
Original: Our decisions about how we use scientific knowledge are
influenced by our values and what we believe is ethical.
Nouns:
decisions choice, conclusion, resolution, judgment
knowledge information, facts, data, education, learning, wisdom
values principles, standards, morals, ethics, ideals

Verbs:
use employ, utilize, exercise, apply
influenced affect, persuade, induce, change, inspire, shape
believe consider, think, suppose, judge, trust, accept

Paraphrase:
Our morals and ethics shape the choices we make about using
the wisdom gained from science.

Example #2
Original: The principle of autonomy concerns peoples ability to make decisions
for themselves based on their own thoughts.

Nouns:
principle belief, opinion, standard
autonomy independence, selfsufficiency, self government
ability aptitude, skill, capability, talent
decisions choice, conclusion, resolution, judgment
thoughts opinion, judgment, belief, feelings, ideas

Verbs: concerns relate, affect, involve, be about, have to do with

make create, build, construct, craft, formulate
based founded, established, built, centered
Paraphrase:
Independence is related to the idea that people are capable of making
choices and judgments according to the opinions and beliefs that they have.

Assignment
Note that Individual presentation will be
started from November 21st 28th, 2014.
Find a research article that you want to
present.
Pick 5 sentences from the article and
paraphrase the sentences.
This paraphrasing assignment is due next
week (Friday, November 14th 2014).

Criteria Used for Assessing Your

Paraphrasing Assignment
N
Criteria
o
1 Use different vocabulary with the same
meaning
2 Change the order of the words
3 Use different grammar
4 Show his/her interpretation and
conclusion
5 Major mistakes on
Subject and Predicate Forms
Passive and Active
The use of vocabulary or diction
6 Minor mistakes on
Plural and singular forms
Misspelling

Paraphrasin
g

Bibliography
Stolley, Karl. "Avoiding Plagiarism."
The OWL at Perdue. 30 Sept 2008.
Perdue University. 6 Nov 2008
<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/r
esource/589/01/>.
Brizee, Allen. "Quoting, Paraphrasing,
Summarizing." The OWL at Perdue.
10 Sept 2006. Perdue University. 6
Nov 2008
<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/r
esource/563/01/>.