Educational Philosophy

Essentialism
Why teach?
- To acquire basic knowledge, skills and values
- To transmit traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge
to become model citizens
What to teach?
- Academically rigorous
- Emphasis on fundamental rs
- Traditional disciplines(maths, natural science, history, foreign
language and literature)

Essentialism

How to teach?
Emphasis on mastery of subject matter; textbook oriented
Teachers are expected as intellectual( fountain of
knowledge) and moral models(paragon of virtues)
Methods: lecture, drill, memorization, discipline

Progressivism
Why teach?
- To develop learners to be enlightened and intelligent citizens of
a democratic society
- Teach learners to live fully NOW
What to teach?
- Need-based and relevant curriculum
- Accept change
- Teach learners skills to cope with change
- Relates to students personal lives and experience

Progressivism
How to teach?
- Experiential method
- Problem solving method

Perennialism
Why teach?
- To develop the students moral and rational powers
What to teach?
- humanities; general education
- Less emphasis on vocational and technical schools
- Teach the great books
How to teach?
- teacher-centered
- students interest and experiences are not considered
- Engage in Socratic dialogue and mutual inquiry sessions

Existentialism
Why teach?
- To help the students appreciate and understand themselves
- To educate the whole person, not just the mind
What to teach?
- Students are given choice of the subject matter
- Help the students unleash their creativity and self expression
- Vocational education is a means to teach students about
themselves

Existentialism
How to teach?
- individualized; self-paced; self-directed
- Individual contact with the teacher
- Values clarification strategy

Behaviorism
Why teach ?
- To develop students who exhibit favorable behavior in society
- Concerned with the modification and shaping of the behavior by providing
students favorable environment
What to teach?
- Teach students to respond favorably to various stimuli in the environment
How to teach?
- Arrange the environmental conditions so that the students can respond to
the stimuli
- Make the stimuli clear and interesting to capture and hold the learners
attention
- Provide appropriate incentives and reinforcements

Linguistic philosophy

Why teach?
- To develop the communication skills of the learner (the very
essence of man)
What to teach?
- Students are taught to communicate clearly ( verbal, nonverbal
and paraverbal)
- Teach languages; expand the vocabulary
How to teach?
- experiential
- dialogue

Constructivism

Why teach?

- To develop intrinsically motivated and independent learners for them

to be able to construct knowledge and make meaning of them
What to teach?
- Students are taught how to learn

How to teach ?
- Interactive
- promotes dialogue
- The teacher is the facilitator