Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)

SOLID MECHANICS II
BMCS 3333
Transformation of Plane-Strain
and Strain Measurement

Transformation of Plane-Strain

Review:
What is normal strain?
And what is shear strain?
Normal strain in a rod under axial loading is defined as the deformation
per unit length of that rod.

normal strain
L
P
normal stress
A

Transformation of Plane-Strain
Shear strain is defined as the horizontal deformation (displacement) per
unit length of that rod.
Normally due to the shear stress.

Transformation of Plane-Strain
Transformation of plane strain is very similar to the
transformation of the plane stress.
The deformations of the material
take place in parallel planes and
are the same in each of those
planes.
Plane strain occurs in a plate
subjected along its edges to a
uniformly distributed load and
restrained from expanding or
contracting laterally by smooth,
rigid, and fixed supports

components of strain:

x y xy

zx zy 0

Transformation of Plane Strain

Global axis & Local axis
General equation of plane strain
transformation

x y x y
xy

cos 2
sin 2
2
2
2
x y x y
xy
y

cos 2
sin 2
2
2
2
xy
x y
xy

sin 2
cos 2
2
2
2
x

1, 2

x y x y

2

2

xy

2

Transformation of Plane Strain

Example:

Solutio x ' 450 , y ' 200 , xy ' 375

n:
General equation of plane strain
transformation
x y x y
xy
x

cos 2
sin 2

y
xy
2

x y

x y

xy

x y
2

cos 2

sin 2

xy
2

cos 2

sin 2

Example:
Page 520
For
the given state of plane strain, use the methods of Sec 7.10 to determine the
(7.128)
state of strain associated with axes x and y rotated through the given angle

Solutio x ' 670 , y ' 50 , xy ' 474

n:

General equation of plane strain

transformation
x y x y
xy
x

cos 2
sin 2

y
xy
2

x y

x y

xy

x y
2

cos 2

sin 2

xy
2

cos 2

sin 2

EXERCISE:
Page 520
(7.129)
For the given state of plane strain, use the methods of Sec 7.10 to determine the
state of strain associated with axes x and y rotated through the given angle

General equation of plane strain

transformation
x y x y
xy
x

cos 2
sin 2

y
xy
2

x y

x y

xy

x y
2

cos 2

sin 2

xy
2

cos 2

sin 2

Transformation of Plane Strain

Similarly, Mohrs circle for the strain can be

x ; y ; xy
obtained,
Given

xy
X ( x ,
2

xy

Y ( y ,
2

C ave

tan 2 p

x y

2
xy
x y

x y

R
2

xy

2

A max ave R
B min ave R

max 2 R
2

1,2

y x y xy
x

2

2

 xy

X ( x ,

)
2

xy

Y ( y ,

)
2

C ave

x y

xy
tan 2 p
x y
x y
R
2

xy

 xy

X ( x ,

)
2

xy

Y ( y ,

C ave

)
2

x y
2

x y

R
2

xy

2

Measurement of Strain
Example:
Page 482
(7.137)

Measurement of Strain
Solutio
n:

Measurement of Strain
Solutio
n:

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Normal strain on the surface of structure a

structural element can be measured using
strain gages
Strain gages indicate normal strain through
changes in resistance.
Normal and shearing strains may be obtained
from normal strains in any three directions.

1 x cos 2 1 y sin 2 1 xy sin 1 cos 1

2 x cos 2 2 y sin 2 2 xy sin 2 cos 2

3 x cos 2 3 y sin 2 3 xy sin 3 cos 3

x, y, xy can be obtained by solving the above equation

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Example:
For below orientation and reading of the strain gages, determine:
i) Principle strains
ii) Maximum shear strain

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Solutio
n:

i) Principle strains
ii)Maximum shear strain

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Example:
Page 483
(7.144)

Solution

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Example:
Page 483
(7.146)

Solution

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Example:
Page 484
(7.150)

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Solutio
n:

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Example:
Page 484
(7.152)

Measurement of Strain : Strain Rosette

Solutio
n: