Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DESRUCTIV
E TESTING
T
JSN
4.1
Tensile Specimens
Bend Test
Specimen
Charpy Specimen
Fracture Fillet
Specimen
DESRUCTIVE TESTING
T
JSN
Definitions
501 JSNT
Malleability
Ductility
Toughness
Hardness
Tensile Strength
Ability of a material
undergo plastic
deformation under static
tensile loading without
rupture. Measurable
elongation and reduction
in cross section area
Definitions
501
T
JSN
Malleability
Ductility
Toughness
Hardness
Tensile Strength
Definitions
501
Malleability
Ductility
Toughness
Hardness
Tensile Strength
T
JSN
Definitions
501
Malleability
Ductility
Toughness
Hardness
Tensile Strength
T
JSN
Tensile Testing
502
Properties determined by carrying out tensile test:
Ultimate tensile Strength (UTS)
Yield Strength (YS)/ 0.2% proof stress
Percentage Elongation (Ductility)-(E%)
Percentage reduction in area (RA)
Type of Tensile Test
a. Reduce section transverse tensile (Flat/Round)
b. All weld tensile test
T
JSN
Tensile Test
502
T
JSN
4.3
Transverse Tensile
Specimen
4.2
503
Weld on plate
T
JSN
T
JSN
102
T
JSN
T
JSN
503
4.4
504
T
JSN
504
T
JSN
UTS=
Load/ Area,
Width
=28 mm,
Thickness= 10.0 mm
Area=
T
JSN
Percentage Elongation
T
JSN
Percentage Elongation
Extended
Change
Percentage
Bend Test
T
JSN
505
Bend Tests
4.15
505
T
JSN
Object of test:
To determine the soundness of the weld zone. Bend testing can also be used to give an
assessment of weld zone ductility.
There are three ways to perform a bend test:
Face bend
Root bend
Side bend
Side bend tests are normally carried out on welds over 12mm in thickness
T
JSN
T
JSN
T
JSN
T
JSN
506
T
JSN
Bending test
4.16
t up to 12 mm
Thickness of material - t
t over 12 mm
Side bend
T
JSN
T
JSN
4.8
Specimen
Anvil (support)
Pendulum
(striker)
T
JSN
4.5
Objectives:
measuring impact strength in different weld joint areas
assessing resistance toward brittle fracture
Information to be supplied on the test report:
Material type
Notch type
Specimen size
Test temperature
Notch location
Impact Strength Value
4.7
T
JSN
507
T
JSN
T
JSN
T
JSN
22.5o
10 mm
100% Brittle
2 mm
Machined
notch
8 mm
Fracture surface
100% bright
crystalline brittle
fracture
100% Ductile
Machined
notch
Large reduction
in area, shear
lips
Randomly torn,
dull gray fracture
surface
507
T
JSN
4.
Room Temperature
-20oC Temperature
1. 197 Joules
1. 49 Joules
2. 191 Joules
2. 53 Joules
3. 186 Joules
3. 51 Joules
Average = 51 Joules
T
JSN
Hardness Testing
508
1
0
Definition
Measurement of resistance of a material against
penetration of an indenter under a constant load
There is a direct correlation between UTS and hardness
Hardness tests:
Brinell
Vickers
Rockwell
T
JSN
Hardness Testing
4.10
508
T
JSN
Objectives:
material type
location of indentation
4.11
509
Diamond
indentor
Indentation
Adjustable
shutters
T
JSN
4.11
509
T
JSN
510
T
JSN
4.11
Hardened steel ball of given diameter is subjected for a given time to a given load
30KN
=10mm
steel ball
Rockwell C
1KN
1.5KN
=1.6mm
steel ball
120Diamond
Cone
T
JSN
510
Thank you.
41
Rockwell Scales
Scale
Indenter
Brale
60
1/16-inch ball
100
Brale
150
Brale
100
1/8-inch ball
100
1/16-inch ball
60
1/16-inch ball
150
42
43
T
JSN
Types of Testing
Destructive testing is changes the dimensions or
physical and structural integrity of the specimen.
(It is essentially destroyed during the test)
e.g., Tensile, Compression, Shear and Rockwell
Hardness
Non-Destructive testing does not affect the
structural integrity of the sample.
( A measurement that does not effect the specimen in
any way) e.g., weighing, measurements etc.
45
Mechanical Testing
49
P
A0
P is the load in lbs. on the specimen and A0 is the original crosssectional area near the center of the specimen.
On the other hand, the true stress is the load divided by the true
area, which continues to be smaller by the tensile load.
The true stress continues to increase to the point of fracture,
while the engineering stress decreases to the point of fracture
due to the increasing load and the constant cross-sectional
area.
50
l l0
l0
l is the gage length at a given load and l0 is the
original gage length with zero load
51
Modulus of Elasticity
The slope of the stress-strain curve in the
elastic deformation region is the modulus of
elasticity, which is known as Young's
modulus
52
53
54
55
56
57
59
60
61
62
64
66
67
68
69
The indenter may be a 1/16 inch hardened steel ball, a 1/8 inch
hardened steel ball, or a 120 diamond cone ground to a point,
called a brale. Once the specimen is loaded, the platen is raised to
contact the indenter to a specified set point on the machine's
readout. This point is used to indicate that the minor load has been
applied. By raising the platen and specimen against the indenter, a
small, minor load drove the indenter into the specimen to initially
set the indenter into the specimen. The minor load is typically 10
kg.
The major load may now be released to drive the indenter further
into the specimen. Major loads typically range from 60-100 kg
when the steel ball is used and 150 kg when the brale is used.
Once the major load has been released, sufficient time is allowed
for the dial to come to rest, generally between 30 and 60 seconds,
depending on the material.
The major load is then removed and the Rockwell Hardness
Number read directly from the readout on the machine with the
minor load remaining. This provides a value based on the distance
the indenter was driven into the specimen by the major load. Once
the reading is taken, the elevating screw is used to release
the
70
minor load and the specimen may be removed.
Rockwell Scales
Scale
Indenter
Brale
60
1/16-inch ball
100
Brale
150
Brale
100
1/8-inch ball
100
1/16-inch ball
60
1/16-inch ball
150
71
73