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A technology
hardware & software tools
GIS definition
a special case of information system where the
database consists of observations on spatially distributed
features, activities or events, which are definable in
space as points, lines or area. A geographic information
systems manipulates data about these points, lines and
areas to retrieve data for ad hoc queries and analyses
+ Cholera death
Water pump
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X,Y
ID ATTRIB
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CAD System
Digital
Mapping
Computer
Aided
Design
Photogrammetry
GIS
Databases
Surveying
Remote
Sensing
GIS components
Spatial
data
GIS
Placename
Latitude / Longitude
Postcode
Description
Description:
Kingston University,PenrhynRoad Centre
Post Code:
KT1 2EE
Grid Reference:
518106.72 168530.37
Latitude/Longitude: 0 21 55.38W, 49 36 17.62N
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Connected to
Within
Adjacent to
North of . . .
Example:
Environmental data
Topographic data
soils, geology
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Buildings
Road centrelines
Lamp columns
Gas pipes
CTV Access covers
Road surfaces
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Feature :
Object:
Entity:
Building
Polygon
Tourist
Information
Bureau
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Attributes
Name :
Address:
Town:
Owner:
Tel. No:
Floor space
Next
5 Market Place
Kingston
Ms J Shore
0181 547 1245
1300 sq m
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line
point
polygon
as geometric objects:
points, lines, polygons
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Raster model
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as image files
composed of grid-cells
(pixels)
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Disadvantage:
the boundaries of the resulting map polygons are discrete (enclosed by well-defined
boundary lines), whereas in reality the map polygons may represent continuous
gradation or gradual change, as in soil maps.
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...
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Raster data
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At a simple level a
GIS may just form
the graphical
interface to a
database
The majority of GIS
applications follow
this example
MapInfo
Simple Query
The identification of objects and their attributes
either by location or attribute query.
MapInfo
GIS Applications
Facilities management
Marketing and retailing
Environmental
Transport/vehicle routing
Health
Insurance
and many more . . .
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