TECNICAS ESTADISTICAS

E
INTERPRETACION GEOQUIMICA

APLICACIN: SPSS Y GEOSOFT

Por: Yvan Hurtado Guerrero
Gelogo de Exploraciones & Geoquimica

OBJETIVOS POR ALCANZAR

FAMILIARIZAR A LOS GEOLOGOS DE EXPLORACIONES
EN SACAR PROVECHO DE SUS DATOS: Au + 33.
ANALIZAREMOS EL TOTAL DE DATOS : GRAFICAMENTE
Y NUMERICAMENTE.
PARA ELLO UTILILIZAREMOS ALGUNOS ALGORITMOS
MATEMATICOS: Logaritmos Neperianos, Correlaciones y
Anlisis Factorial (ACP).
UTILIZAREMOS LOS SOFTWARES CONOCIDOS: SPSS Y
GESOFT: Modulo Chimera.

ETAPAS DE PROCESAMIENTO

IDENTIFICAR VALORES POR DEBAJO DEL LIMITE DE

DETECCION (< , -).
ELIMINAR LOS ELEMENTOS QUE EN LA MAYORIA DE LOS
CASOS ESTE POR DEBAJO DEL LIMITE DE DETECCION.

ESTADISTICAS GRAFICAS

HISTOGRAMA

DE

FRECUENCIAS:

Comportamiento

Normal y Log Normal de la variable analizada.

BOX PLOTS: Comparacin de Valores medios y Extremos
(outliers).
FRECUENCIAS

ACUMULADAS:

Valores Grupos de Familias.

Comportamiento

de

Comportamiento Log Normal de la Variable Cobre

Normalizacin de los datos utilizando el algoritmo: Logaritmo Neperiano

Box Plot de datos sin Normalizar Valores Extremos

Box Plot de Datos Normalizados Ln Cu

ESTADISTICAS NUMERICAS

ESTADISTICAS DESCRIPTIVAS.
VALORES EXTREMOS
CORRELACION DE PEARSON.
ANALISIS DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES (ACP).

Case Summaries
CU_PPM
N
1100

Minimum
4

Maximum
5350

Mean
425.94

Geometric
Mean
223.67

Std. Deviation
579.638

Descriptive Statistics

CU_PPM
Valid N (listwis e)

N
Statis tic
1100
1100

Minimum
Statis tic
4

Maximum
Statis tic
5350

Mean
Statis tic
425.94

Std.
Deviation
Statis tic
579.638

Variance
Statis tic
335980.3

Skewness
Statis tic
Std. Error
3.681
.074

Descriptives
CU_PPM

Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis

Lower Bound
Upper Bound

Statis tic
425.94
391.65

Std. Error
17.477

460.23
343.84
202.00
335980.3
579.638
4
5350
5346
460
3.681
20.142

.074
.147

Kurtosis
Statis tic
Std. Error
20.142
.147

Extreme Values
CU_PPM

Highest

Case Number
138
148
974
285
21
177
85
516
586
182

1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5

Lowest

Value
5350
5100
4860
4800
4190
4
5
8
9
10a

a. Only a partial list of cases with the value 10 are

shown in the table of lower extremes .

Percentiles

Weighted
Average(Definition 1)

CU_PPM

Tukey's Hinges

CU_PPM

Percentiles
50

10

25

75

41.00

55.10

92.00

202.00

551.75

92.00

202.00

551.50

90
1035.00

95
1440.00

Statistics
CU_PPM
N
Mean
Median
Mode
Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewnes s
Kurtosis
Std. Error of Kurtos is
Range
Minim um
Maxim um
Sum
Percenti les

Valid
Missi ng

10
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
85
90
95
99

1100
0
425.94
202.00
85
579.638
335980.3
3.681
.074
20.142
.147
5346
4
5350
468532
55.10
79.20
92.00
107.00
147.00
202.00
305.20
444.00
551.75
669.80
849.00
1035.00
1440.00
2978.10

Correlations
AU_PPB

AG_PPM

AL_PERC

AS_PPM

BA_PPM

CA_PERC

CO_PPM

CU_PPM

FE_PERC

K_PERC

MG_PERC

MN_PPM

MO_PPM

P_PPM

PB_PPM

S_PERC

SB_PPM

SC_PPM

SR_PPM

TI_PERC

V_PPM

ZN_PPM

HG_PPB

Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pears on Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N

AU_PPB
AG_PPM
AL_PERC
AS_PPM
BA_PPM
CA_PERC CO_PPM
CU_PPM FE_PERC
K_PERC
MG_PERC MN_PPM
MO_PPM
1
.877**
-.104**
.571**
-.091**
-.068*
-.120**
.274**
.049
-.060*
-.133**
-.080**
.102**
.
.000
.001
.000
.003
.024
.000
.000
.101
.047
.000
.008
.001
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.877**
1
-.117**
.503**
-.070*
-.074*
-.184**
.323**
.055
-.030
-.178**
-.124**
.162**
.000
.
.000
.000
.020
.014
.000
.000
.070
.322
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.104**
-.117**
1
-.064*
.594**
.556**
.494**
-.094**
.296**
.443**
.446**
.215**
-.183**
.001
.000
.
.035
.000
.000
.000
.002
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.571**
.503**
-.064*
1
-.045
-.045
-.078**
.030
-.004
-.034
-.103**
-.051
.010
.000
.000
.035
.
.137
.138
.009
.322
.893
.255
.001
.092
.729
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.091**
-.070*
.594**
-.045
1
.370**
.346**
-.139**
.278**
.652**
.349**
.164**
-.145**
.003
.020
.000
.137
.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.068*
-.074*
.556**
-.045
.370**
1
.322**
-.084**
.110**
.299**
.366**
.459**
-.124**
.024
.014
.000
.138
.000
.
.000
.005
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.120**
-.184**
.494**
-.078**
.346**
.322**
1
-.119**
.393**
.218**
.588**
.406**
-.285**
.000
.000
.000
.009
.000
.000
.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.274**
.323**
-.094**
.030
-.139**
-.084**
-.119**
1
-.004
-.016
.115**
-.181**
.326**
.000
.000
.002
.322
.000
.005
.000
.
.882
.591
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.049
.055
.296**
-.004
.278**
.110**
.393**
-.004
1
.201**
.324**
.139**
-.007
.101
.070
.000
.893
.000
.000
.000
.882
.
.000
.000
.000
.817
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.060*
-.030
.443**
-.034
.652**
.299**
.218**
-.016
.201**
1
.373**
.070*
-.040
.047
.322
.000
.255
.000
.000
.000
.591
.000
.
.000
.021
.188
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.133**
-.178**
.446**
-.103**
.349**
.366**
.588**
.115**
.324**
.373**
1
.341**
-.172**
.000
.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.080**
-.124**
.215**
-.051
.164**
.459**
.406**
-.181**
.139**
.070*
.341**
1
-.221**
.008
.000
.000
.092
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.021
.000
.
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.102**
.162**
-.183**
.010
-.145**
-.124**
-.285**
.326**
-.007
-.040
-.172**
-.221**
1
.001
.000
.000
.729
.000
.000
.000
.000
.817
.188
.000
.000
.
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.101**
-.125**
.054
-.068*
.163**
.169**
.343**
-.002
.324**
.007
.410**
.222**
-.084**
.001
.000
.074
.024
.000
.000
.000
.956
.000
.809
.000
.000
.006
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.161**
.253**
.004
.108**
-.032
-.088**
-.120**
.025
.032
-.074*
-.130**
.000
.026
.000
.000
.889
.000
.294
.003
.000
.400
.287
.014
.000
.997
.391
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.108**
.232**
-.236**
.032
-.086**
-.125**
-.315**
.314**
.185**
.036
-.277**
-.237**
.383**
.000
.000
.000
.284
.004
.000
.000
.000
.000
.229
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.238**
.469**
-.135**
.140**
-.014
-.090**
-.166**
.029
.032
.019
-.227**
-.118**
.066*
.000
.000
.000
.000
.631
.003
.000
.332
.284
.538
.000
.000
.028
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.095**
-.130**
.549**
-.070*
.329**
.170**
.371**
.108**
.374**
.329**
.643**
.199**
-.108**
.002
.000
.000
.021
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.028
.015
.524**
-.020
.438**
.547**
.035
.048
.225**
.291**
.165**
-.074*
.057
.360
.628
.000
.500
.000
.000
.240
.112
.000
.000
.000
.013
.060
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.165**
-.238**
.441**
-.104**
.438**
.313**
.630**
-.202**
.324**
.468**
.772**
.322**
-.292**
.000
.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.138**
-.220**
.517**
-.101**
.337**
.394**
.683**
-.146**
.502**
.214**
.708**
.276**
-.250**
.000
.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.072*
-.073*
.326**
-.042
.228**
.083**
.380**
.001
.221**
.050
.331**
.349**
-.175**
.017
.015
.000
.168
.000
.006
.000
.978
.000
.096
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.044
.062*
.148**
.037
.099**
.040
.071*
.001
.080**
.086**
.011
.030
-.032
.144
.041
.000
.217
.001
.185
.018
.983
.008
.004
.715
.314
.284
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100

**. Correlation is s ignificant at the 0.01 level (2-tail ed).

*. Correlation is s ignificant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

P_PPM
PB_PPM
S_PERC
SB_PPM
SC_PPM
SR_PPM
TI_PERC
-.101**
.161**
.108**
.238**
-.095**
-.028
-.165**
.001
.000
.000
.000
.002
.360
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.125**
.253**
.232**
.469**
-.130**
.015
-.238**
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.628
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.054
.004
-.236**
-.135**
.549**
.524**
.441**
.074
.889
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.068*
.108**
.032
.140**
-.070*
-.020
-.104**
.024
.000
.284
.000
.021
.500
.001
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.163**
-.032
-.086**
-.014
.329**
.438**
.438**
.000
.294
.004
.631
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.169**
-.088**
-.125**
-.090**
.170**
.547**
.313**
.000
.003
.000
.003
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.343**
-.120**
-.315**
-.166**
.371**
.035
.630**
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.240
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.002
.025
.314**
.029
.108**
.048
-.202**
.956
.400
.000
.332
.000
.112
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.324**
.032
.185**
.032
.374**
.225**
.324**
.000
.287
.000
.284
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.007
-.074*
.036
.019
.329**
.291**
.468**
.809
.014
.229
.538
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.410**
-.130**
-.277**
-.227**
.643**
.165**
.772**
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.222**
.000
-.237**
-.118**
.199**
-.074*
.322**
.000
.997
.000
.000
.000
.013
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.084**
.026
.383**
.066*
-.108**
.057
-.292**
.006
.391
.000
.028
.000
.060
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1
-.079**
-.122**
-.112**
.118**
.022
.267**
.
.009
.000
.000
.000
.473
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.079**
1
.132**
.320**
-.002
.018
-.188**
.009
.
.000
.000
.950
.545
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.122**
.132**
1
.242**
-.166**
.147**
-.426**
.000
.000
.
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.112**
.320**
.242**
1
-.156**
-.003
-.227**
.000
.000
.000
.
.000
.928
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.118**
-.002
-.166**
-.156**
1
.225**
.491**
.000
.950
.000
.000
.
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.022
.018
.147**
-.003
.225**
1
.051
.473
.545
.000
.928
.000
.
.090
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.267**
-.188**
-.426**
-.227**
.491**
.051
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.090
.
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.405**
-.132**
-.398**
-.212**
.473**
.199**
.701**
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
.186**
.284**
-.227**
-.108**
.363**
.008
.283**
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.785
.000
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
-.028
.065*
-.010
.098**
.086**
.050
-.008
.350
.030
.741
.001
.004
.099
.792
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100

V_PPM
ZN_PPM
HG_PPB
-.138**
-.072*
.044
.000
.017
.144
1100
1100
1100
-.220**
-.073*
.062*
.000
.015
.041
1100
1100
1100
.517**
.326**
.148*
.000
.000
.000
1100
1100
1100
-.101**
-.042
.037
.001
.168
.217
1100
1100
1100
.337**
.228**
.099*
.000
.000
.001
1100
1100
1100
.394**
.083**
.040
.000
.006
.185
1100
1100
1100
.683**
.380**
.071*
.000
.000
.018
1100
1100
1100
-.146**
.001
.001
.000
.978
.983
1100
1100
1100
.502**
.221**
.080*
.000
.000
.008
1100
1100
1100
.214**
.050
.086*
.000
.096
.004
1100
1100
1100
.708**
.331**
.011
.000
.000
.715
1100
1100
1100
.276**
.349**
.030
.000
.000
.314
1100
1100
1100
-.250**
-.175**
-.032
.000
.000
.284
1100
1100
1100
.405**
.186**
-.028
.000
.000
.350
1100
1100
1100
-.132**
.284**
.065*
.000
.000
.030
1100
1100
1100
-.398**
-.227**
-.010
.000
.000
.741
1100
1100
1100
-.212**
-.108**
.098*
.000
.000
.001
1100
1100
1100
.473**
.363**
.086*
.000
.000
.004
1100
1100
1100
.199**
.008
.050
.000
.785
.099
1100
1100
1100
.701**
.283**
-.008
.000
.000
.792
1100
1100
1100
1
.260**
.088*
.
.000
.004
1100
1100
1100
.260**
1
.050
.000
.
.095
1100
1100
1100
.088**
.050
1
.004
.095
.
1100
1100
1100

ANALISIS
FACTORIAL
CONJUNTO DE VARIABLES CUANTITATIVAS: Tcnica del
Anlisis Factorial.

NOS PERMITE REPRESENTAR DICHAS VARIABLES EN UN

ESPACIO DE MENOR DIMENSION: Espacio Vectorial.
PERMITE ANALIZARLAS LA SIMILITUD Y DISCREPANCIAS
ENTRE ELEMENTOS.
PERMITE DETERMINAR SUB-CONJUNTO CLARAMENTE
DIFERENCIADO DE VARIABLES.
USO DEL METODO: ACP (Anlisis de Componentes Principales).

TOTAL DE LA VARIANZA EXPLICADA

TOTAL DE LA VARIANZA EXPLICADA OPTIMA

TOTAL
DE LA
VARIANZA
EXPLICADA

TOTAL
DE LA
VARIANZA
EXPLICADA

GRAFICO DE UN ANALISIS DE COMPONETES ROTADO

Cada zona geogrfica presenta sus propias condiciones

geolgicas, topogrficas y climatolgicas.
Adquirir experiencia en estudios de ambientes geolgicos
similares y contrastantes
Observacin de las condiciones que pueden afectar la
distribucin de elementos.

TECNICAS ESTADISTICAS
E
INTERPRETACION GEOQUIMICA

APLICACIN: SPSS Y GEOSOFT

Por: Yvan Hurtado Guerrero
Gelogo de Exploraciones & Geoquimica