BAHIRDAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING

HOST COMPANY:
DASHEN BREWERY S/C

FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT

PROJECT ON PRODUCTION OF BIO ETHNOL FROM
SPENT GRAIN
DONE BY:
Alelgn Marie
Awoke Eyasu
Asnaku Cherie

ADVISOR: Mr. Abebaw Eshtie

Out line
Back ground of dashen brewery
General beer production process.
Conducted project.
Conclusion and recommendation.

Introduction
It was established in 2000G.C at 8.5 hectar from which 1.2
hectar is building area and it was started with 350 million
birr.
It creates job opportunities for above 510 persons from
which 73% of male and 27% of female workers.
Its objective is support the socio-economic development of
the Amhara Region.

Raw materials for beer production

Malt: it is the starch source for beer production
Hop: for bitterness, flavor and shelf life of beer
Water: it is the main ingredient of beer
Yeast: for activation of fermentation process

wort production steps in brew house.

Malt

Wort
boiling
Wort
clarification

Malt
cleaning

Malt
milling

Wort
collection

Wort
cooling

Mashing

Lautering

Wort
aeration
Yeast
pitching

Fermentation

 Filtration and fermentation section

Yeast propagation
It is the mechanism of culture dry yeast in order to increase their
number and make it enough for fermentation process.
CIP (clean in place)
It is a mechanism of washing or cleaning of process equipments.
HOT CIP
COLD CIP

Fermentation :
It is the process of converting fermentable sugar to alcohol
and carbon dioxide by the activity of yeast.
Stages of fermentations are
Primary fermentation,
Secondary fermentation,

Yeast types based on fermenter design.

There are two types based on fermenter design and the
position at which yeasts are pitched or harvested.
Top fermenting yeast
Bottom fermenting yeast
Filtration
It is the process of separation of undesired proteins and
yeasts from the beer.

Fermenter

UBT

KG filter
Heat
exchanger

Filter
bag

Blending

BBT

Dosing
tank
Sludge
tank

Filling
section

Packaging section.
The section at which bright beer is packed with bottles or keg.
keg filling process.
Keg washing.
Drought beer filling process.
Bottle washing process: Bottles have to be washed in order
to remove external and internal dirt's, sterilize bottles in
order to kill microorganisms.

.
Bottle filling processes: it has many advantages these are,
Avoid product loss
Minimize loss of carbon dioxide gain of oxygen
Prevent microbial, chemical or physical contamination.
The difference between draught beer and bottle beer are:
Pasteurization process and filling process
Their outlet temperature .
Duration of pasteurization.

Similarity of bottle beer and draught beer. Their

Alcohol content
Filtration process
Pasteurization :It is the process by which the number of
harmful microorganisms are destroyed .or reduced so as to
increase the product`s biological stability.
Labeling: it is a process of applying information about dashen
beer on the bottle.

Crate with
bottle
Bottle
inspection

Bottle filler

Fig 4 flow sheet of bottling section

Roller
conveyo
r

Uncaser
machine

Bottle washer

Pasteurization

Crate
washer

Caser

Labeler

FBI

UTILTY SECTION : it is a source of process water, purified

carbon dioxide glycol and steam. It has
raw water treatment plant.
carbon dioxide recovery plant.
cooling plant.
boiler plant.
Raw water treatment :This plant is critical in dashen beer
factory in order to convert raw water to process water through
a serious of treatment mechanisms.

 CO2

recovery plant: To purify co2 released from

fermenter and used it during filling of beer.

Cooling plant: it is applicable in fermenter cooling,
draught beer cooling and many uses. the cooling agent is
glycol and the glycol is cooled by ammonia and ammonia is
by water.
Boiler plant: It is a pressure vessel at which water is
heated in order to produce steam for different application

Waste water treatment

Waste
Water
80% of
sludge

In let
pump
station
Sludge
Station

Screen
and grit
chamber
Settlin
g tank

20% of
sludge

Water to
Drainage

Neutraliza
tion tank

Dewaterin
g system

Aeratio
n tank

filtrate
Dewatered
sludge

Selector
tank

PROJECT
Production of bio ethanol from spent grain.
Ethanol can be produced from lignocelluloses which contain lignin,
hemicelluloses and cellulose (polysaccharide) which can be converted
to fermentable sugar through pretreatment and hydrolysis. Then the
sugar can be converted to ethanol through fermentation and after
fermentation ethanol is produced and separated from other components
by distillation .
We have initiated to work this project to overcome the fuel scarcity
and to produce environmentally safe bio ethanol.

Problem of statement
Growing demand for energy and environmental
concern are the key factors driving us strong interest
in renewable energy source, particularly, in bio fuel.
Spent grain has no competition with direct food and
also has less cost and it is abundant in quantity. This
is the reason why we have selected this title.

Objective
General Objectives
The objective of this project is production of bio ethanol
from spent grain
Specific Objective.
To see the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis
To see the effect of acid hydrolysis
To see the effect of distillation for the separation of bio
ethanol
To analyze the physical characteristics of the product

Methodology
In order to produce bio ethanol from lignocelluloses bio mass. We
should have conducted a series of steps those are drying, grinding, pre
treatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation.
Spent grain

Oven

Grinder

Acid
hydrolysis
Fermentation

Distillation

Pre treatment

Enzymatic
hydrolysis
Ethanol

Drying:-The spent grain was dried at a temperature of 105OC

for 24 hrs in an oven. Then its size was reduced in order to make
easy for hydrolysis and pretreatment
Pre treatment:- 76g of dry spent grain was added in 600 ml of
diluted H2SO4 this have been done in water bath at 50 degree
centigrade for 3 hrs.

 Enzyme hydrolysis
The pretreated sample was hydrolyzed by 0.3ml of
enzyme at a temperature of 63OC for 20 minutes.
Acid hydrolysis:-10 percent sulfuric acid has been
used at a temperature of 50 degree centigrade for 3
hours.

Fermentation
During fermentation, the color of the sample was changed
and foam have been seen.

 Distillation process
Due to the absence of good distillation column, more amount of water
were vaporized with ethanol.
Product characterization
the product was characterized by odor, color, and its specific gravity.

Result and discussion

The specific gravity of the acid hydrolyzed and enzyme
hydrolyzed sample was 0.96 and 0.95 respectively then from
this data the concentration of bio ethanol was 26% and 32%
respectively.
The product was very diluted because of scarcity of cellulose
enzyme and the absence of distillation column which works
under controlled temperature.

Conclusion.
This internship programme given us being sociative, polite,
punctual persons in addition to academical benefits.
Most sections of the factory are the application of chemical
engineering courses.
The enzyme hydrolyzed sample had more concentration than
acid hydrolyzed sample
Recommendations
In order to optimize the factorys income and to produce usable
products from by products & wastes, chemical engineers must
be involved and the factory must have research lab.

THE END!!!