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Preparation of soluble salts of sodium, potassium or ammonium

Activity 8.2: Preparation of potassium chloride salt


Apparatus: Beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, retort stand and clamp, Bunsen burner, conical flasks, filter
paper, burette, pipette, evaporating dish, measuring cylinder, spatula, wash bottle, wire gauze, tripod
stand, dropper
Materials: 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide, phenolphthalein, distilled
water
Chemical equation: __________________________________________________________________
Procedures:
2. Fill burrette with HCl till reaching 0 ml
mark

1. 25 ml of KOH
using pipette + 2 3
drops
of
phenolphthalein

3. Record initial reading, Vi

5. Indicator turns from pink to colourless


STOP titration

6. Record final reading, Vf. Calculate HCl


volume needed to neutralise KOH (Vf Vi =
V)

7. Repeat step from the start without


adding phenolphthalein into KOH

25 ml of KOH
using pipette +
phenolphthalein

4. Titrate HCl
into
KOH
and swirl the
flask

8. Add the specific volume of HCl, V


into KOH

Salt crystal

10.
Cool
the
saturated solution at
room temperature

11. Filter
the
salt
crystals

12. Rinse salt


crystals using
distilled water

13.
Dry
salt
crystals between
filter paper

9. Pour content of conical flask


into evaporating dish and heat
slowly

Preparation of soluble salts of non-sodium, non-potassium or non-ammonium


Activity 8.3: Preparation of copper(II) nitrate salt
Apparatus: Beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, retort stand and clamp, Bunsen burner, conical flasks, filter
paper, pipette, evaporating dish, measuring cylinder, spatula, wash bottle, wire gauze, tripod stand,
dropper
Materials: 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid, copper(II) oxide, distilled water
Chemical equation: __________________________________________________________________
Procedures:

Copper(II) oxide

50 ml of HNO3

1. 50 ml of
1.0 mol dm-3
of HNO3
2. Gently heat HNO3

3. Add CuO powder bit by bit


till excess. Stir the mixture

Excess of CuO

5. Pour filtrate in beaker into


evaporating dish and heat
slowly

6. Cool the saturated


solution at room
temperature

Filtrate
copper(II)
nitrate
solution

salt

4. Remove unreacted CuO


by filtration

Salt crystal

7. Filter
the
salt
crystals

8. Rinse salt crystals


using distilled water

9. Dry salt crystals


between
filter
paper

of

Preparation of insoluble salts by precipitation reaction


Activity 8.7: Preparation of lead(II) iodide salt
Apparatus: Beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, retort stand and clamp, conical flasks, filter paper, pipette,
evaporating dish, measuring cylinder, spatula, wash bottle, dropper
Materials: 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate, 1.0 mol dm-3 of potassium iodide, distilled water
Chemical equation: __________________________________________________________________
Procedures:
1. 50 ml of
1.0 mol dm-3
of
lead(II)
nitrate

2. 50 ml of
1.0 mol dm-3
of potassium
iodide

lead(II)
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate

Potassium
iodide
lead(II)
iodide

3. Mixing two soluble salts

Crystal of lead(II)
iodide

6. Dry salt crystals


between
filter
paper

Filtrate of
potassium
nitrate

5. Rinse salt crystals


using distilled water

4. Filter the precipitate

Your report must contain the following information:


Aim:
Apparatus:
Materials:
Procedures: (In bullet-form sentences)
Data and Observation:
Discussion:
[Refer to pg. 114 (for activity 8.2), pg. 116 (for
activity 8.3) and pg. 119 (for activity 8.7)]
Report must be done individually and includes all
three experiments. Gather information from other
groups and include them into your reports.

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