SISTEM

TRANSPORT
PROKARIOT EUKARIOT

FARMASI FMIPA, UHAMKA

2011

Priyo Wahyudi
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Sistem transport
1. Transport membran sitoplasma
2. Transport membran inti

Transport Seluler
Transport Seluler adalah suatu proses

pergerakan (movements) senyawa melewati

(across) membran sel
Transport Sel bertanggung jawab atas 2 hal:
1. Masuk dan keluarnya senyawa yang

diperlukan oleh sel (contoh: uptake & release

nya oksigen pada sel darah merah)
2. Mengatur sifat atau kerja (karakteristik)
transport (contoh: transport glukosa akan
meningkata pada sel-sel otot saat melakukan
aktivitas fisik)
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Transpor selular

Membran sel
1.Semua sel mempunyai

membran
2.Fungsi:
a. Mengendalikan yang
masuk dan keluar sel
untuk menjaga
keseimbangan internal
sel yang biasa disebut
homeostasis
b. Memberi proteksi dan
dukungan sel

TEM picture of a
real cell membrane.

Membran sel
3.Struktur membran sel :

Bilayer formation -2 lapisan

phospholipid
a. Phosphat (kepala)
bersifat polar (= hidrofil)
b. Asam lemak
(ekor)bersifat non-polar
(=hidrofob)
c. Protein yang terdapat di
in membran

Phospholipid

Lipid Bilayer

Polar heads love water &

dissolve.

Non-polar tails hide from

water.
Carbohydrate cell
markers

Proteins

Membran sel
4. Membran sel mempunyai pori
a.Bersifat Selektif permeable:

memasukkan senyawa tertentu dan

menahan senyawa yang lain
b. Struktur penyebabnya

Pores

Struktur Membran Sel

Lingkungan luar sel
Protein

Lipid
Bilayer
Transport
Protein

Carbohydrate
chain

Phospholipid

Lingkungan dalam sel

(cytoplasm)

Tipe Transpor Seluler

Transpor Pasif

tidak membutuhkan
energi
1. Diffusi
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
Transpor Aktif

diperlukan energi
1. Pompa Protein
2. Endocytosis

Transpor Pasif:
1. Diffusi
1. Diffusi: pergerakan random

partikel dari daerah

berkonsentrasi tinggi ke
daerah berkonsentrasi
rendah.
(High to Low)
. Diffusi berlanjut hingga

tercapai kesetimbangan
molekul (equilibrium)

http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Transpor Pasif:
2. Facilitated Diffusion

2. Facilitated diffusion:
diffusi thdp partikel
khusus melalui protein
transport yang
terdapat pd membran
Facilitated
a. Protein Transpor
bersifat spesifik target diffusion
(Channel
b. mentranspor
Protein)
senyawa yang
berukuran besar atau
bermuatan
Carrier Protein

Diffusion
(Lipid
Bilayer)

Transpor Pasif:
2. Facilitated Diffusion
Cellular Transport From aHigh Concentration

High

Molekul
Glucosa

Cell Membrane

Low Concentration

Through a
Go to
Section:

Protein
Transpor

Protein
channel

Low

Transpor Passif:
3. Osmosis
Osmosis: diffusi air

melewati membran
selektif permeabel
Air berpindah dari
konsentrasi tinggi ke
rendah
Air bergerak secara
bebas melewati pori.
Solut (green) yang
berukuran besar tidak
bisa menembus.

Transpor Pasif vs Transpor Aktif

cell uses no energy

molecules move
randomly
Molecules spread out
from an area of high
concentration to an
area of low
concentration.
(HighLow)
Three types:

cell uses energy

actively moves
molecules to where they
are needed
Movement from an
area of low
concentration to an
area of high
concentration
(Low High)
Three Types:

Transpor Aktif
1. Pompa Protein
melibatkan protein
transpor yang
membutuhkan energi
untuk bekerjanya
Contoh: pompa :
Sodium / Potassium
pada sel syaraf.

Protein akan mengubah

bentuknya sehingga dapat
melewatkan molekul. Hal ini
perlu energi

Transpor Aktif
2. Endocytosis: melewatkan
bahan yang bulky kedalam
sel
.
.
.
.

Perlu energi
Membran sel in-folds
disekeliling partikel
cell eating
Membentuk vacuole
makanan & mencerna
makanan tsb
Sel darah putih memakan
bakteri

Transpor Aktif
3. Exocytosis: pengeluaran
bahan secara paksa ke luar sel
. Membran mengelilingi
bahan
. Sel berubah bentuknya
perlu energi
. Pengeluaran Hormon atau
limbah dari sel
Exocytosis Animation

Transport Membran Inti

(Eukariot)

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Sistem Endomembran:
1. Membran Nukleus
2. Retikulum

Endoplasma
3. Badan Golgi
4. Vesikle

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The Endomembrane
system:

Related through direct continuity or by

transfer on membrane segments through

vesicles.
Structure of membranes is not identical
Includes: Nuclear envelope -->
Endoplasmic reticulum --> Golgi apparatus
--> lysosomes --> vacuoles -->plasma
membrane

Transport
vessicle from ER
New vessicle
forming
Transport
vessicle from
golgi

Function of Golgi:
Modifies stores and routes products of ER
Alters membrane phsopholipids
Targets products for parts of the cell

Vacuoles
Larger than vessicles
food vacuoles =

Vacuoles
Larger than vessicles
food vacuoles = formed by phagocytosis
contractile vacuole =

Vacuoles
Larger than vessicles
food vacuoles = formed by phagocytosis
contractile vacuole = found in fresh water

protozoans, keep water balance

central vacuole =

Vacuoles
Larger than vessicles
food vacuoles = formed by phagocytosis
contractile vacuole = found in fresh water

protozoans, keep water balance

central vacuole = found in most plant cells
stores organic compounds, has enzymes to
break macromolecules, has poisonous and
unpalatable compounds,etc...

Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells
-possess a membrane-bound nucleus
-compartmentalize many cellular functions
within organelles and the endomembrane
system
-possess a cytoskeleton for support and to
maintain cellular structure

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Animal Cell Anatomy

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Plant Cell Anatomy

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Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Nucleus
-Multiple linear genetic
chromosomes
-nuclear envelope = 2
phospholipid bilayers
-in chromosomes DNA is
organized with proteins to form
chromatin
-Nucleolus site of rRNA
synthesis
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Eukaryotic Cells
Ribosomes
-the site of protein synthesis in the cell
-composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins
-found within the cytosol of the cytoplasm and
attached to internal membranes

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Endomembrane
System
Endomembrane system
-a series of membranes throughout
the cytoplasm
-divides cell into compartments where
different cellular functions occur
1. endoplasmic reticulum
2. Golgi apparatus
3. lysosomes

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Endomembrane System

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

-membranes that create a network of channels
throughout the cytoplasm
-attachment of ribosomes to the membrane gives a
rough appearance
-synthesis of proteins to be secreted from RER, sent
to lysosomes (lysosomal enzymes) or plasma
membrane

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Endomembrane
System
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum (SER)
-relatively few ribosomes
attached
-functions:
-synthesis of membrane
lipids
-calcium storage
-detoxification of foreign
substances
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Endomembrane
System
Golgi apparatus
-flattened stacks of
interconnected
membranes
-packaging and distribution of
materials to different parts of
the cell
-synthesis of cell wall
components
...and cell secretion
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Endomembrane
System
Lysosomes
-membrane bound
vesicles containing
digestive enzymes to
break down
macromolecules
-destroy cells
(apoptosis) or foreign
matter that the cell has
engulfed by
phagocytosis
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Endomembrane
System (sort of)
Microbodies
-membrane bound vesicles
-contain enzymes
-not part of the endomembrane system
-glyoxysomes in plants contain enzymes for
converting fats to carbohydrates
-peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes and
catalase

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Endomembrane System
Vacuoles
-membrane-bound structures with various
functions depending on the cell
type...osmotic balance, toxic materials,
sugar storage
There are different types of vacuoles:
-central vacuole in plant cells
-contractile vacuole of some protists
-vacuoles for storage

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Selamat Belajar ....

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