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NOTE!!
Again, much discussion & many figures
in what follows was constructed from
lectures posted on the web by Prof.
Beire GNL (Turkey). She has done
an excellent job covering many details
of crystallography & she illustrates with
many very nice pictures of lattice
structures. Her lectures are posted Here:
http://www1.gantep.edu.tr/~bgonul/dersnotla
ri/.
Her homepage is Here:
a Wigner-Seitz cell.
Illustration for the 2
dimensional parallelogram
[111] direction
Examples
210
X = 1, Y = , Z = 0
[1 0]
[2 1 0]
X = ,Y=,Z=1
[ 1]
[1 1 2]
Negative Directions
When we write the direction
[n1n2n3] depending on the
origin, negative directions are
written as
Z direction
R = n1a1 + n2a2 +
n3a3
X = 1, Y = 0, Z = 0
[1 0 0]
X = -1, Y = -1, Z = 0
[110]
Examples
A vector can be moved to the origin.
X = -1, Y = 1, Z = -1/6
[-1 1 -1/6]
[6 6 1]
Crystal Planes
Miller Indices
Miller Indices are a symbolic vector representation for the
orientation of an atomic plane in a crystal lattice & are
defined as the reciprocals of the fractional intercepts
which the plane makes with the crystallographic axes.
To find the Miller indices of a plane, take the following steps:
11
Example 1
Axis
Intercept
points
Reciprocals
Smallest
Ratio
(1,0,0)
1/1 1/ 1/
1
12
Example 2
(0,1,0)
(1,0,0)
Axis
Intercept
points
Reciprocals
1/1
Smallest
Ratio
1/ 1 1/
1
Example 3
(0,0,1)
(0,1,0)
(1,0,0)
Axis
Intercept
points
Reciprocals
1/1
1/ 1
1/ 1
Smallest
Ratio
Example 4
Axis
Intercept
points
1/2
Reciprocals
(0,1,0)
(1/2, 0, 0)
Smallest
Ratio
1/() 1/ 1 1/
2
Example 5
Axis
Intercept
points
Reciprocals
1/1
Smallest
Ratio
1/ 1/()
Example 6
17
Reciprocal numbers
1 1 1
, ,
are:
3 2 2
(200)
(110)
(100)
(111)
(100)
Crystal Structure
19