CIRCULAR MOTION,

ROTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM
& ROTATIONAL MOTION
CHRYSTAL NALTAN // S2002002
OCTOBER 27, 2016

CHAPTER 8

CIRCULAR
MOTION

ROTATION &
REVOLUTION
Rotation is when a planet or moon turns all the way around
or spins on its axis one time. The axis of rotation is an
imaginary line going from the north pole to the south pole.

When a planet or moon travels once around an object this is

considered a revolution.

ROTATIONAL SPEED
When a object moves along the circular track, it has linear
speed as well as the angular speed.
The linear speed is the measure of the distance traveled by
the object per unit time.
The Angular speed is the measure of the angle traveled by
the object per unit time.

ROTATIONAL SPEED:

ANGULAR MEASURE

: TANGENTIAL
& ROTATIONAL SPEED
ROTATIONAL SPEED

Angular speed is the rate of change of the angle (in radians)

with time, and it has units 1/s, while tangential speed is the
speed of a point on the surface of the spinning object, which
is the angular speed times the distance from the point to the
axis of rotation.

where is angular velocity, v is tangential velocity and r is

distance between the moving particle and axis of rotation.

CENTRIPETAL FORCE
Any motion in a curved path represents accelerated motion,
and requires a force directed toward the center of curvature
of the path. This force is called the centripetal force which
means "center seeking" force.
The force has the magnitude

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Centrifugal force are "effective forces" which are invoked to
explain the behavior of objects from a frame of reference
which is rotating.
The driver of a car on a curve
is in a rotating reference frame and
he could invoke a "centrifugal"
force to explain why his
coffee cup and the carton
of eggs he has on the
seat beside him tend to
slide sideways.

CHAPTER 8

ROTATIONAL
EQUILIBRIUM

TORQUE
Torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an object
causes that object to rotate.
To make an object turn or rotate, apply a torque.

TORQUE:

BALANCED TORQUE
The weight effectively acts at the center of mass, and you
don't have to exert extra torques to keep the board in
equilibrium. If it is supported at the center, the weight of the
board has a zero lever arm with respect to the point of
support.

CENTER OF MASS
The center of mass in space is the unique point where the
weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to
zero or the point where if a force is applied causes it to move
in direction of force without rotation.

CENTER OF MASS:

MOTION

CENTER OF GRAVITY
Centre of gravity is an imaginary point in a body of matter
where, for convenience in certain calculations, the total
weight of the body may be thought to be concentrated.

CENTER OF GRAVITY:

TORQUE

In an upright roly-poly the center of gravity (CG) in the

weighted bottom is above the point of support.

CENTER OF GRAVITY:

THE RULE FOR

TOPPLING

CHAPTER 8

ROTATIONAL
MOTION

ROTATIONAL INERTIA
AND MASS
The moment of inertia must be specified with respect to a
chosen axis of rotation. For a point mass the moment of
inertia is just the mass times the square of perpendicular
distance to the rotation axis, I = mr2

ROTATIONAL INERTIA
AND GYMNASTICS
Human body can rotate freely about three principal axes of
rotation: longitudinal axis, median axis, transverse axis.

ROTATIONAL INERTIA
AND GYMNASTICS
Longitudinal: vertical head-to-toe axis, most mass is
concentrated here Rotational inertia increases when hands
and legs are spread out.
Transverse axis rotation is when a somersault or flip occurs
Rotational inertia is greater when the axis is through the
hands.
Medial axis: front-to-back axis ex: cartwheel less common
axis of rotation Like rotations about the other axes, rotational
inertia can be varied with different body configurations.

ROTATIONAL INERTIA
OF ROLLING

CONSERVATION OF
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
The law of conservation of angular momentum states that
when no external torque acts on an object, no change of
angular momentum will occur.