Project Title

HUMAN BODY SENSED CLASS ROOM

LIGHT FAN CONTROL SYSTEM.
Under the Guidance of

Submitted by

ABSTRACT
The main aim of the project is to design and implement the
automatic light & fan on system.
This project describes the design and implementations of a
controller for the ac loads.
Load will work when any movement is detected near by it. A PIR
sensor detects the movement and sends a signal to the
microcontroller which on the load for a particular amount of time
according to the program.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
POWER SUPPLY
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
PUSHBUTTON
PIR
BC547
LED
1N4007
RESISTORS
CAPACITORS

POWER SUPPLY
Bridge rectifier

230 V
AC
50
Hz

5v Regulator

5V
DC
12V step down
transformer

Filter(470f)

MICROCONTROLLER

It is a smaller computer
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU

I/O
Port

RAM ROM
Serial
Timer COM
Port

A single chip
Microcontroller

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52/51

External

interrupts
Int
er
ru
pt
C
Co
P
nt
U

rol
O
SC

On
O
chi
np
ch
RO
ip
M
R
for
Bu
4A
pro
M
s
I/O
gra
Co
Por
P0
P1 P2
m
P3
nt
ts
cod
rol Addre

Timer/Coun
ter

Ti
me
Ti
rme
1
r0

S
e
r
i
TxD
a
RxD

Co
un
ter
In
pu
ts

FEATURES OF AT89S51/52
Compatible
8K

with MCS-51 Products

Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

Endurance:

10,000 Write/Erase Cycles

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

256

x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

Eight Interrupt Sources

Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode

Watchdog Timer

Dual Data Pointer

PIN DESCRIPTION

BC547 (NPN Transistor)

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial
Silicon Transistor.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of
the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, ().

The current gain from the emitter to the collector

terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (), and is a function of
the transistor itself

PIR SENSORS
The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyroelectric device that detects
motion by measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding
objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a high signal on a single
I/O pin.
Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature,
such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another
temperature, such as a wall
Features: Single bit output
Small size makes it easy to conceal
Compatible with all Parallax microcontrollers

Working of project
The output from the PIR i.e., passive infrared detector is amplified to a
transistor BC547, the output of which at the collector is connected to
pin 1 of the MC.
While any moving object is sensed by the PIR it develops logic high at
its output which gets inverted by the transistor used to develop a logic
low at pin 1 of MC.
Transistor is connect with a relay to control ac loads

SOFT WARE REQUIREMENTS

Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, realtime

kernels,

debuggers,

simulators,

integrated

environments,

evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3,

XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to

object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the
underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like C will compile the
code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86
(underlying microprocessor in the computer).

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the

Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler then
compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

BIBILOGRAPHY

The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems by

Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson
Education.

ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.

www.atmel.com

www.beyondlogic.org

www.wikipedia.org

www.howstuffworks.com

www.alldatasheets.com

U
O
Y
K
TH A N