A WORD AN ITS PARTS

Roots, Afixes, and their

Shapes
Reni Eli Riyani
Putri Kumambang
Yogi Andreva
Laela Nurrohmah
Irwansyah

Introduction

In this chapter we will focus on the

smaller parts of word, generally called
morphemes.
The area grammar concerned with the
structure of words and with relationships
between words involving the morphemes
that compose them is technically called
Word
Bigest
morphology.
Morphology

Morpheme

smalest

Word

Root

Shapes

Morphemes
Free
*can stand alone

Bound
*can not stand alone
Affixes
Prefix

Suffix

Root

Root is the morpheme carrying the main

meaning of the word.
Root is like the heart of word
But it doesnt mean that the root is
always free.
There are also bounds root

Root
What are the roots of these words ?
Running
Happiness
Helpful

, Happy, Help) these roots are called free morphem

Root

Roots can be added by prefix and

suffix.
examples : Un-happy , Happiness
But there are roots which cannot be
added by prefix and suffix (noun)
examples : table, cat
Root also can be follow by the others
root
example : pencilcase, telephone

Greek
(G)

Bound
Roots

Latin
(L)

Root

Mean

Examples

Ast (G)

Star

Asteroid , Astronomy , Astronaut,

Asterisk

Audi (L)

Hear

Audible, Audience, Auditory,

Auditorium, Audition

Bio (G)

Life

Biography, Biology

Tele (G)

Far of

Telecast, telephone, telephaty

Port (L)

Carry

Export, portable, deport,

important

Cranberry morpheme

In linguistic morphology, a cranberry

morpheme (or fossilized terms) is a type of
bound morpheme that cannot be assigned an
independent meaning or grammatical function,
but nonetheless serves to distinguish one word
from the other.
Examples :
-mit in permit, commit, transmit, remit, and
submit. From the Latin verb mittere meaning to
give, to send
twi in twilight cran in cranberry

Affixes
Prefix
Added at the begining of
word
To create a new word with a
different meaning
Examples :

Affixes
Suffix

Added to the end of an axisting word

To create a new word and a different meaning (Derivational
Suffix)

To change the grammatical function (Inflectional Suffix)

Word + Suffix

Derrivational Suffix

If added at the end of the word so it will

determine the part of speech. and the
meaning of that word will be diferent from the
root before

Examples :
Happy ~> Happiness (Adj ~> Noun)
Long ~> Lenghten (Adj ~> Verb)
Friend ~> Friendly (noun ~> Adj)
Clear ~> Clearly (Adj ~> Adverb)

Inflectional Suffix
If added at the end of the word it will
give a gramatically variationwithout
change the part of speech and the
meaning.Example
Suffix

-s

Book books, sleep sleeps

-ing

Study studying sleep sleeping

-er , -est

Clever cleverer - cleverest , fast

faster fastest
Learn learned - learnt , wash
washed , study studied

-ed , -ied,
-t

Combining Form

Compound words
two or more words that compounding to
make a new word
Kinds of Compound
words

Solid /
Closed

Hypernated

Space /
Open

Makeup
Football
Notebook

Mother-inlaw
Five-yearsold

Post office
Bus stop
Ice cream

Morphemes and Their

Allomorphs

Allomorph doesnt change the meaning,

just has diferent in pronounciation and
spelling according to their condition.
example :
Allomorp
Word
hs
s , iz, z
cat[s] , judge[iz], horse[iz] ,
day[z]
The
The cat , the eagle
In, il, im, ir Incapable, illegal, irreguler,
impossible