Sociologists view that the violation of

cultural norms is embedded in the society.

Deviance is not the result of a persons
fallings in free choice.
Deviance occurs only in relation to cultural
norms that people become deviant
because others called them as deviant.
Society greatly influences the ways norms
and events are defined.

1. BIOLOGICAL
DEVIANCE

POINT

OF

VIEW

OF

Biological theories of deviance have limited view

on the causes of deviance. One of the theories of
Cesar Lombroso is that criminals are physically
distinctive from non criminals.
Charles Goring found out in his research that
there were no significant physical differences
among them.
In 1900, William Sheldon found out that there

Gluecks research conclude that there was an

association between mesomorphic body
structure and crime.
They suggest that this body type was related to
personal characteristics like insensitivity which
was link to criminal behavior.

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL
CONTAINMENT THEORY
Psychological theory of deviance focuses
on
personality abnormalities. Both
heredity and socialization are the key
factors in psychological explanation of
deviance.
Containment theory views that juvenile
delinquency is a result of social pressures
to commit deviant acts because of the
absence of moral values and positive self

3. STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL
ANALYSIS
This approach focuses on the functions that
deviance performs for society.
Emile Durkheim noted that deviance has (4)
four principal functions
First, difference between what is morally right
from what is considered morally wrong.
Second, when society reacts to deviance.
Third, deviance promotes social unity when
members of certain society react to it.
Lastly, it encourage social change by having

4. LABELING THEORY/SYMBOLICINTERACTION ANALYSIS

Labeling theory is a process by which a
person or an event is labeled deviant.
Deviance is the reaction of people to an act or
a person they perceived as deviant.
According to Edwin Lemert , there are two
concepts of deviance; primary and secondary.
Primary deviance refers to an activity when
it is called as defiant.
Secondary deviance refers to actual
behavior enacted to fulfill the concept of

5. MERTONS STRAIN THEORY

According to Merton, crime and other
types of deviance are encouraged by
everyday events in a society.
When an individual is successful in
pursuing his goal and the society
approved it, conformity occurs.
3 TYPES OF MERTONS STRAIN
THEORY
A.Innovators
B.Rebels
C.Ritualists

6. SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORY

A.The rich and the powerful in the society are
able to insist deviant label.
B.B. The norms and laws of society protected
the interests of the rich and powerful.
C.C. The laws are unfair and little concern is
made.
Splitzer says that the problem population is
those that appear to thereafter capitalism
might be label as deviant. Two kinds of
problem population
1.Social junk- harmless and consists of agedretreatists. 2. Social dynamite- unemployed
and alienated youth.

1. Infringement or Violation against Self

Examples: drug abuse, suicide, alcoholism,
smoking,
beggary,
illegal
gambling,
prostitution,
runaway,
psychological
abortions.
2. Violation of Life, Property, Liberty, and
State
Examples: vandalism, abortion, juvenile
delinquency, wife battering, graft and
corruption, rebellion, piracy, coupd etat,
organized crime and syndicate.

Social control can be classified as formal and

informal.
Examples of Informal Control are praise, favorable
and unfavorable.
Examples of Formal Social Control
1.Church or religious group approval promises
of salvation and penance
2.Government approval they are in the form of
criminal laws, civil service rules and regulation.
3.Business group approval such as bonuses,
certificate of merit, awards, expulsion and
suspension.

GROUP ACTIVITY-SEPT. 2O, 2O13

GIVE FIVE [5] EXAMPLES PER SETTING:

1. SCHOOL
2.BUSINESS
3. CHURCH
4. COMMUNITY
5. SOCIETY