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BIOREMEDIATION
Groundwater
32%
Soil
59%
Sediment
6%
Surface Water
1%
Sludge
2%
Ex-situ (with
reactor)
15%
In situ
68%
Bioventing
25%
Fixed Film
4%
Solid Phase, pile
treatment
4%
Attached Growth
5%
Air Sparging
6%
Natural
Attenuation
6%
Solid Phase,
prepared bed
11%
Ground Water
Bioremediation
14%
Soil
Bioremediation
14%
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Wastewater Treatment
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Bio
Cr
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Gr
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Bio
Renewable Resources
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Biodegradation
Bio
fu
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Conservation
Technology
Bio
deg
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Direct
Environmental
Response
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What is BIOREMEDIATION
BIOREMEDIATION
is a method that treats the soils and
renders them non-hazardous, thus
eliminating any future liability that
may result from landfill problems or
violations.
WHY BIOREMEDIATE?
Soils contaminated with hydrocarbons
may be disposed of or treated in
several ways: Regulated permitted
landfills, thermal incineration and
bioremediation.
WHY BIOREMEDIATION?
Why Bio? II
WHY BIOREMEDIATION? IV
US. EPA/540/N-93/001
Major Waste Types Applicable to Bioremediation
WHY BIOREMEDIATION? V
Cost Effectiveness of Bioremediation ($)
Method
Incineration
Solidification
Landfill
Thermal Desorption
Bioremediation
Year 1
5301
115
670
200
175
Year 2
None
None
None
None
27
Year 3
None
None
None
None
20
TREATMENT COST
Landfill disposal costs range from $15per m3 to over $75 per m3 depending on
hydrocarbon concentration. Timing from 6
to 24 months .
Thermal incinerationis fast but costs
range from $250 to over $700 per m3
which dpends of the type of soils
Bioremediation costs range from $90 to
$110 per m3. the timing is between 30 to
120 days
WHY BIOREMEDIATION? VI
POLLUTANTS
Bio-degradable
petroleum products (gas, diesel, fuel oil) crude oil compounds
(benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene) some pesticides (malathion)
some industrial solvents coal compounds (phenols, cyanide in coal
tars and coke waste)
Partially degradable / Persistent
TCE (trichlorethylene) threat to ground water PCE
(perchlorethlene) dry cleaning solvent PCBs (have been degraded in
labs, but not in field work) Arsenic, Chromium, Selenium
Not degradable / Recalcitrant
Uranium Mercury DDT
PAH
structures
CHALLENGES OF INNOVATION
Containment/landfill
Thermal desorption
Advanced organic stabilisation
Mobile catalytic chemical oxidation
Bioremediation
Landfarm
Biopile
Composting
Slurry reactors
Bioaugumentation
the addition of naturally occuring microbes
to sites
sites can be treated with high
concentrations of specific microbes
costs little money, time and disruption
simple testing done for biocompatibility
and biodegradation efficiency
TECHNOLOGY-OTHER OPTIONS
Bioventing
Composting
Landfarming
Remediation Method
Excavation-landfill
Containment on-site
Landfarming/Bio
Co-burning
Stabilisation
Thermal desorption
Soil washing
Vapour extraction
Dechlorination
% Use in Australia
60-90
10-30
15-20
<5
5-10
<5
<5
<5
<1
Limitations to
Bioremediation
Timescale
Residual Contaminants Levels
Inconsistency
Recalcitrant Pollutants eg DDT, PAHs
Bioavailability
Degrading microorganisms
Aqueous solubility
Toxicity
Conclusion
BIOREMEDIATION:
Is a process which uses naturally occurring
microorganisms to enhance normal biological breakdown.
It is an effective method for treating many hazardous
materials.
Of all the different processes available for clean-up of
sites, Bioremediation is the best and most cost effective
method for remediation, with respect to environmental
liability.
The nature and location of the contamination, the type
of soils and geological conditions, determine which method
of remediation is best for each individual clean-up site.
What is Next
END OF INTRODUCTION TO
BIOREMEDIATION