Climate Change, Global

Warming Ozone Layer

Depletion Nuclear accidents &
Holocaust
Sanket Kulkarni,
Div-B Roll No: 1115098

Climate
Change:
Fitting the pieces
together

What is Climate Change?

Climate is the average weather at a given point and
time of year, over a long period (typically 30 years).
Climate change is the greatest threat facing our planet
today.
A warming planet alters weather patterns, water
supplies, seasonal growth for plants and a sustainable way
of life for us and the worlds wildlife.
Climate change has already started, but its not too late
to take action. Theres still time for us all to be part of the
solution.

What Changes Climate?

Changes in:
Suns output
Earths orbit
Drifting continents
Volcanic eruptions
Greenhouse gases

Increasing greenhouse gases trap

Greenhouse
effect
more heat

Other evidence of Climate

Change
Glacier retreat

1875

2004

Why should we care?

What WE can do?

Produce more fuel-efficient vehicles
Reduce vehicle use
Improve energy-efficiency in buildings
Develop carbon capture and storage
processes
Triple nuclear power
Increase solar power
Decrease deforestation/plant forests
Improve soil carbon management strategies

Ozone Layer depletion

Ozone Depletion
Significant concentrations of ozone (O3) exist in the
lower elevations of the stratosphere.
Ozone in the stratosphere
absorbs UV B radiation from
sunlight.
UV B radiation damages
DNA molecules and can
cause genetic defects on
the outer surfaces of
plants and animals,
including human skin (skin
cancer)

Ozone Layer Depletion

Ozone depletion is the seasonal loss of
a large swath of our stratospheric ozone
above Antartica, as well as the general
degradation of this protective layer around
the
globe.
With less ozone in the atmosphere,
more ultraviolet radiation strikes Earth,
causing more skin cancer, eye damage,
and possible harm to crops.

Ozone Depletion Results

Each 1% loss of ozone leads to a 2% increase
in UV radiation striking the earth.
A 2% increase in UV radiation results in a 5% to
7% increase in skin cancer, including a 1%
increase in deadly malignant melanoma

Satellite photo of south pole. Purple shade shows the extent of the ozone
hole.

Protecting the Ozone Layer

Ban the use of CFCs
Have to replace with something
Current replacements are greenhouse gases
and do not eliminate ozone depletion, just
slow it down

Air Quality Standards

Emission Standards
Limit amounts of pollutants that can be
emitted by pollution sources
Generally set by State Air Quality Offices

Global Warming

Global Warming
Global warming is a Global
phenomenon.
It refers to a gradual increase in the
temperature of the Earth due to trapping
of green house gases.

Green House gases

Gases such as CO2, SO2, NO2,CH4, etc.
Are the green house gases.
Most of these are the polluting gases that
are produced by the industries.
These gases trap the heat from the
sunrays that are reflected from the sun.

Why Global Warming

Occurs?
It is the effect of the process of trapping of
Heat due to CO2 which
has been going
on since times unknown.
But due to rapid rise in population over the
last few decades, the CO2 emission has
increased whereas due to deforestation, the
rate of CO2 absorption has gone down thus
disturbing the balance of Nature.

Why Global Warming Occurs?

Also due to Globalization, various
industries started to grow.
This also led to the problems of
various types of pollutions including air
pollution.
Most of the gases that pollute the
environment are Green house gases.
This leads to Global warming.

What do climate scientists

really think?

Effects of Global Warming

It has been reported that the temperature of
Earth is increasing each day by few degrees.
As a result of this, the snow in various regions
of Earth is rapidly melting.
This may add more water to fresh water
reserves like lakes and rivers in the beginning
but when the meltdown is completed, there
would be no fresh water reserves.
Also it destroys the ecosystem in the Polar
region.

Prevention Of Global Warming

The various ways to control Global
Warming are:1.Control of population. But, since it is not
possible to control population, the best way
to control Global warming is by planting
trees.
2.Use of ecofriendly and biodegradable
products.
3.Avoid using vehicles when not necessary.

ACID RAIN
* Involves deposition of aqueous acids, acidic
gases and acidic salts
- Acid deposition has 2 parts: wet and dry
- Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog & snow
- Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles
- Half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through
dry deposition
* Acid rain is a regional air pollution problem
- Canada, & North Western USA are worst affected
- Average pH of rainfall recorded in Toronto in Feb. 1979 is 3.5.
In 1989 fog in Los Angles had a pH as low as 2.2. Most acidic rain
fall in US in Wheeling West Virginia is 1.4.
- Precipitation of clean atmosphere may have 5.6 pH.

What are the origins of ACID RAINS ?

Human activities are at the origin of
important quantities of polluting items
that are thrown out in the atmosphere
which contibutes to acid rain .
Combustion of fossil fuels like Coal, Firewood
etc which produces air pollutants like sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

Gases which are at the origin of acid rains

are :
Sulphur dioxyde

Carbon dioxyde

Nitrogen oxide

Acid rains appear when :

Sulphur dioxyde

Nitrogen oxide

Release sulphuric acid and nitric

acid !

They move up into the air and are released

as acid rains

NUCLEAR
ACCIDENT

Nuclearaccidentsandnuclear
incident
A

nuclear accident
ornuclearincident,dependi
ng ontheseverity,is
knowntoinadvertent
releasesof radioactive
materials,
accidentalorradioactivity
levelslikely to
harmpublichealth.

Nuclearaccidentsandnuclear
incident
Isdescribed

asa nuclear
accidentorincidentaccordingtoits
severityanditsimpactonthe
populationandtheenvironment.
Radiological accidentscan happenatanuclear plant
oroutside, iein afacility thatconducts
anuclearactivity(hospitals, research
laboratories...)or duetothelossof a radioactive
source,orbyspreadinginvoluntaryorvoluntaryradio
active substances intotheenvironment.
To measuretheseverityofan event,there isan
international scale:INESscale.

InternationalNuclear
EventScale

SAVE
EARTH..
SAVE
LIFE.
THANK
YOU.