Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Management
Cycle
Distribution
Butch Staley
Working Definitions
Supply chain The network of retailers,
distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and
suppliers that participate in the sale, delivery,
and production of a product.
Logistics The overall management of the way
resources are moved to the areas where they
are required.
Distribution The delivery or giving out of an
item or items to the intended recipients.
Constant supply
Maintained quality
Minimal loss/pilferage
Accurate and timely inventory and transaction
information
Proper storage
Efficient transport/delivery
Adequate geographic coverage
International
National
FULLY PRIVATE
FULLY PUBLIC
International Suppliers
Local Manufacturers
Local Wholesalers
Regional
District
Distributors
Private
Pharmacies
Hospitals
Health Centers
Health Posts
Community
Key
Product flow in traditional
CMS System
Users
International
National
PRIVATE SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR
International Suppliers
Local Manufacturers
Local Wholesalers
Regional
District
Distributors
Shops,
Pharmacies
Hospitals
Health Centers
Health Posts
Community
Key
Product flow in traditional
CMS System
Users
International
National
PRIVATE SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR
International Suppliers
Local Manufacturers
Local Wholesalers
Regional
District
Distributors
Shops,
Pharmacies
Hospitals
Health Centers
Health Posts
Community
Key
Product flow in traditional
CMS System
Users
International
National
PRIVATE SECTOR
International Suppliers
Local Manufacturers
Local Wholesalers
Regional
District
PUBLIC SECTOR
Distributors
Shops,
Pharmacies
Hospitals
Health Centers
Health Posts
Community
Key
Product flow in traditional
CMS System
Users
International
National
PRIVATE SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR
International Suppliers
Local Manufacturers
Local Wholesalers
Regional
District
Distributors
Private
Pharmacies
Hospitals
Health Centers
Health Posts
Community
Key
Product flow in traditional
CMS System
Users
Family
Planning
(colour coded)
STI
Drugs
(including some
condoms for STI/
HIV)
Vaccines
and
Vitamin A
Essential
Drugs
HIV/AIDS
test kits
(&
hepatitis
B tests)
TB/
Leprosy
Malaria
MOH
Equipment
(including
laboratory
supplies)
Condoms
for STI/HIV/
AIDS
prevention
Organization Key
Government
World Bank Loan
Bilateral Donor
Multilateral Donor
NGO/Private
Source of
funds for
commodities
U
S
A
I
D
K
f
W
U
N
F
P
A
European
Union
DFID
(UK)
S
I
D
A
W
H
O
GOK
G
A
V
I
De-centralization projects
C
I
D
A
UNICEF
G
D
F
JICA
US
Gov
GOK,
WB/IDA
SIDA
EUROPA
Procurement
Agent/Body
Point of first
warehousing
Organization
responsible
for delivery
to district
levels
U
S
A
I
D
K
f
W
U
N
F
P
A
WHO (3 districts)
Crown
Agents
KEMSA
Regional
Depots
Government
of Kenya
NLTP
(TB/
Leprosy
drugs
(8 districts)
(6 districts)
Dutch
Gov
Agent
Japanese
Private
Company
UNICEF
NPHLS store
GTZ
C
D
C
(5 districts)
ADB
(5 districts)
District level
decisions of
quantity, type and
procurement of
health
commodities
KEPI Cold
Store
JICA
KEPI
(vaccines
and vitamin
A)
MEDS
Private
Drug
Sources
Key Decisions
Key decisions include:
Assessment/Option Analyses
Understand context functionality and current
capacity of public, private, and NGO systems
and institutions
Consider variable costs with each option
Consider capacity to manage and operate
proposed system
Define methods for monitoring and measuring
performance
Summary
Designing a system for storing and distributing
pharmaceuticals is complex and important
In some countries, private (or parastatal)
distribution companies may provide costeffective alternatives for storage and distribution
of pharmaceuticals