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FOUR WHEEL

STEERING SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY: ROHAN KUMAR SHARMA


DHEERAJ BARNWAL

CONTENT:INTRODUCTION TO STEERING
TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
FOUR WHEEL STEERING
TURNING RADIUS

INTODUCTION TO STEERING:Steeringisthecollectionofcomponents,linkages,etc.whichallowa
vehicle(car,motorcycle,bicycle)tofollowthedesiredcourse.An
exceptionisthecaseofrailtransportbywhichrailtrackscombined
togetherwithrailroadswitches(andalsoknownas'points'inBritish
English)providethesteeringfunction.

Requirement of steeringItshouldmultiplytheturningeffortappliedonthesteeringwheelby
thedriver.
Itshouldbetoacertaindegreeirreversiblesothattheshocksofthe
roadsurfaceencounteredbythewheelsarenottransmittedtothe
drivershand.
Themechanismshouldhaveselfrighteningeffectsothatwhenthe
driverreleasethesteeringwheelafternegotiatingtheturn,thewheel
shouldtrytoachievestraightaheadposition.

TYPES OF STEERING SYSYEM


Frontwheelsteering.
Rearwheelsteering.
Fourwheelsteering.

FOUR WHEEL STEERING: Four-wheelsteering(orallwheelsteering)isasystem

employedbysomevehiclestoimprovesteeringresponse,
increasevehiclestabilitywhilemaneuveringathighspeed,
ortodecreaseturningradiusatlowspeed.A4-wheelsteering
systemissuperiortoa2-wheelsteeringsystem.Itreduces
theturningradiusaswellasthespacerequiredforturning.It
alsoenablestochangeroadlanewhiledrivingevenathigh
speed.
Atlowerspeeds,turningtherearwheelsintheopposite
directiontothefrontwheelsresultsinasmallerturning
radiusandfastercorneringresponses.Athighspeeds,turning
allfourwheelsinconcertimproveshigh-speedstability.

TheFourWheelsteeringsystemoffersa21%reductioninturning
radius.SoifavehicleiscapableofmakingaU-turnina25-foot
space.Itallowsthedrivertodoitinabout20feet..Afrontwheel
activesteeringfunctionwasaddedtoRearActiveSteeradopted
ontheFuga.Bycontrollingthesteeringangleofallfourwheels,
thisactivesteeringsystemhelpsimprovestabilityandresponseat
highspeedandhelpsreducedriverssteeringworkloadatlow
speed.Toachieveprecisevehicle
Vehiclesmovesmoothlyandareeasytodrivebothinthecity
andonwindingroads.
Addedstabilitymeansvehiclescanbedrivensafelyon
expresswaysandwhenchanginglanes.
Quickandresponsivecontrolsystemwillallowgentlesteering
operation.

TURNING RADIUS:Theturning radiusofavehicleistheradiusofthesmallestcircularturn


(i.e.U-turn)thatthevehicleiscapableofmaking.itreferstothetightest
turnavehiclecanmakeandisdependentonseveralfactors.Oneobvious
oneisthewidthofthewheelbasethatis,howfarapartthefronttires
are.Allotherthingsbeingequal,asmallerwheelbasecanofferatighter
radius,whilealargewheelbase,suchasthoseonlargetrucks,willhavea
largerradius,regardlessofotherfactors.

4-WS SYSTEM PARTS: Rack and pinion front steering,

hydraulically controlled
Rear-steering shaft
Vehicle speed sensors
Steering-phase control unit
Centering lock spring
Solenoid valve

4-WS DRIVE AT DIFFERENT SPEED


AT HIGH SPEED:-

Athigherspeeds,therearwheelsturninthesamedirectionofthe
frontwheelstoincreasestabilitybypreventingoversteerandfish
tailing.Andreducestheturningradius.

AT LOW SPEED

Atlowerspeeds,therearwheelturnintheoppositedirection
fromthefrontwheels.Thiswillhelpineasymaneuverability
ofthevehicleduringparkingandtakingatightcurve.The
turningradiusofavehiclecanbereducedbyaminimumof
20%byhavingthismechanism,whichisasignificantbenefit
forbiggercarsandtrucks.

ADVANTAGES OF 4WS
Speed can be varied

Slow

Medium

Improved maneuverability

Fast

Betterhandling

intightcorners
Betterparking
Stabilityis
increased

4WS

2WS

MODERN CARS WITH ACTIVE FOUR


WHEEL STEERING: AcuraRLX(P-AWS)
BMW850CSi(onlyEurospecmodels)
BMW7-Series(2009onward,partofsportpackage)
BMW5-series(2011onwards,IntegralActiveSteeringoption)
ToyotaCamry/VistaJDM19881999(Optional)
ToyotaCarinaED/ToyotaCoronaEXiV(world'sfirstdual-modeswitchable
2WSto4WS)
ToyotaCelica(optionon5thand6thgeneration,19901993ST183and
19941997ST203)(Dual-mode,highandlowspeed)
ToyotaSoarer(UZZ32)

CONCLUSION: An innovative feature of this steering linkage


design and its ability to drive all four (or two)
wheels using a single steering actuator makes it
more efficient than 2WS. Though it is expensive
now but by producing it at big level cost may be
decreased. Its successful implementation will
allowforthedevelopmentofafour-wheel,steered
power base with maximum maneuverability,
uncompromised static stability, front- and rearwheel tracking, and optimum obstacle climbing
capability.

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