Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Needs
(primary
needs)
Drive
Decisions
and
Behavior
5. Self-actualization needs
4. Esteem needs
Growth needs
Deficiency Needs
3. Social needs
2. Safety needs
Relatedness needs
Existence needs
1. Physiological needs
Four-Drive Theory
Drive to Acquire
Drive to Bond
Drive to Learn
Drive to Defend
P-to-O
Expectancy
Outcomes
& Valences
Outcome 1
+ or -
Effort
Performance
Outcome 2
+ or Outcome 3
+ or -
Equity Theory
Outcome/input ratio
inputs -- what employee contributes (e.g., skill)
outcomes -- what employee receives (e.g., pay)
Comparison other
person/people against whom we compare our
ratio
not easily identifiable
Equity evaluation
compare outcome/input ratio with the
comparison other
Effort,
Motivation,
Performance,
Skills,
Expertise
Rewards
Bonus
Promotions
Pay Raise
Recognition
Satisfaction
O
I
=1
Self
Other
Outcome
Outcome
Input
Input
Satisfaction
Example
Less organizational
Reduce inputs
citizenship
Increase outcomes Ask for pay increase
Increase others
Ask coworker to work
inputs
harder
Ask boss to stop giving
Reduce others
other preferred
outputs
treatment
Start thinking that
Change our
others perks arent
perceptions
really so valuable
Change comparison Compare self to someone
other
closer to your situation
Hygiene Factors
Motivation Factors
Supervisors
Working Conditions
Achievement
Recognition
Interpersonal
Relations
Pay & Security
Advancement &
Growth
Satisfaction
Variations on Theory Z
Participative Management
Employee Involvement
Self-Directed Work Teams (SDWT)
Goal Setting
Peoples Behavior is Guided by Intentions
Goals provide direction
Specific goals are
more effective
Goals mobilize behavior
Difficult goals
generate more effort
Feedback about goal attainment sustains behavior.
Goal Commitment
Commitment to
Goals
Basic Principles
Motivating employees starts with motivating yourself
Key to supporting the motivation of your employees is
understanding what motivates each of them
Recognize that supporting employee motivation is a
process, not a task- Organizations change all the time
Reward it when you see it
Reward it soon after you see it