Group Members

Ali Usman
Nabeel Mehmood
Mohsin Bukhari
Ali Hassan Farooq
Ahmad Jan
Hasnain Yousaf
Usman Ali

Fiber Optic Connectors and

Splices

Fiber Joints

Fibers must be joined when

You need more length than you can get
on a single roll
Connecting distribution cable to
backbone
Connecting to electronic source and
transmitter
Repairing a broken cable

Splices v. Connectors

A permanent join is a splice

Connectors are used at patch
panels, and can be disconnected

Connectors

There are four types

Rigid Ferrule (most
common)
Resilient ferrule
Grooved plate hybrids
Expanded beam

Rigid Ferrule Connectors

2.5 mm ferrule
-ST
-SC
-FC

ST
The ST (Straight Tip)
connector was one of the
first connector types widely
implemented in fiber optic
networking applications. ST
connections use a 2.5mm
ferrule with a round plastic
or
metal
body.
The
connector stays in place
with a "twist-on/twist-off"
bayonet-style mechanism.
the ST connector is slowly
being
supplanted
by
smaller, denser connections
in many installations.

SC
SC (Subscriber Connector)
connectors also use a
round 2.5mm ferrule to
hold a single fiber. They
use
a
push-on/pull-off
mating mechanism. The
connector body of an SC
connector
is
square
shaped,
and
two
SC
connectors
are
usually
held
together
with
a
plastic clip (this is referred
to as a duplex connection)

FC
FC (Ferrule Connector)
connectors are specifically
designed
for
telecommunication
applications and provide
non-optical
disconnect
performance.
Designed
with a threaded coupling
for durable connections.
The ferrule is PC finished
to a pre-radius, which
ensures
low
back
reflection.

Rigid Ferrule Connectors

1.25 mm ferrule
Small Form Factor
-LC
-MU
-LX-5

LC
This
interface
was
developed
by
Lucent
Technologies
(hence,
Lucent Connector). It uses
a
retaining
tab
mechanism, similar to a
phone or RJ45 connector,
and the connector body
resembles the squarish
shape of SC connector. LC
connectors are normally
held together in a duplex
configuration with a plastic
clip.

MU
The MU (Miniature Unit)
connector is designed for
high-density connections.
This
small
single-fiber
connector has a high level
of performance, providing
more than double the
packaging density of the
SC connector.

LX-5
LX.5 connectors offer double
the density of standard SC
connectors in a feature-rich,
mechanically robust design.
The
connector
interface
features
an
integrated
shutter system that protects
the
fiber
endface
from
damage and contamination
during
handling
and
installation.
It
is
automatically actuated when
mating to an LX.5 adapter,
requiring
no
manual
operation by the end user.

Obsolete Connectors
Simplex (1-fiber)
-SMA
-D4
-BICONIC

SMA
SMA (Sub Miniature A)
905 and 906 connectors
make use of threaded
connections and are ideal
for military applications
because of their low cost
multimode coupling.
SMA 905 and SMA 906
multimode connectors are
available with stainless
alloy or stainless steel
ferrules.
The
stainless
alloy ferrule may be drilled
from 125um to 1550um to
accept various fiber sizes.

D4
D4 connectors are made
from a 2.5mm diameter
ceramic (zirconia) ferrule
for durability. They have a
high-performance
threading
mounting
system and a keyed body
for
repeatability
and
intermateability.

Biconic
Biconic connectors exhibit a
cone-shaped ferrule that
helps to align the optical
fibers at the connection
interface.
Their
robust
design
makes
biconic
connectors well-suited for
military
fiber
optic
applications.
Fiber
Connections
terminates
biconic connectors on either
single mode or multimode
fiber optic cable. The ferrule
can be made with either
polymer or metal.

Duplex Connectors
Old, bulky
-FDDI
-ESCON

FDDI
Stands
for
(Fiber
distributed data interface).
Basically
it
is
an
application
of
Media
interface Connectors and
it has h diameter of
2.5mm.
FDDI is a standard for data
transmission in local area
networks.
FDDI`s are generally used
to
connect
to
the
equipment from a wall
outlet but rest of the
network will have ST
(Straight Tip Connectors)
Or SC (Square or Standard
Connectors).

FDDI
Since they both also use
2.5mm ferrule so they can
be mated to SC (Square or
Standard Connectors) and
ST (Standard Tip
Connectors) with adapters.
FDDI has a fixed shroud
over the ferrule.

ESCON
Stands for (Enterprise
System Connections).
It is a data connection that
is created by IBM and is
commonly used to connect
there main frame
computer to peripheral
devices such as disc
storage and tape device.
Originally it was operated
at a rate of 10 mega
bytes. Later it was
increased 17 mega bytes.
Escon has the shroud
spring loaded over ferrul.

Duplex Connectors
Newer, smaller
Small Form Factor
-MT-RJ
-Opti-Jack
-Volition

MT-RJ
MT-RJ (Mechanical Transfer
Registered Jack) connector is
derived from MT ferrule
design. It has a miniature
two-fiber ferrule with two
guide pins parallel to the
fibers on the outside. The
guides pins align ferrules
precisely when mating two
MT-RJ
connectors.
MT-RJ
connectors are designed with
male-female polarity which
means male MT-RJ connector
has two guide pins and
female MT-RJ connector has
two holes instead.

Opti-Jack
The Panduit Opti-Jack is a
neat,
rugged
duplex
connector
cleverly
designed aournd two STtype ferrules in a package
the size of a RJ-45. It has
male and female (plug and
jack) versions.

Volition
3M's Volition is a slick,
inexpensive
duplex
connector that uses no
ferrule at all. It aligns
fibers in a V-groove like a
splice. Plug and jack
versions,
but
field
terminate jacks only.

Duplex Connectors
New, popular
Small Form Factor
-Duplex LC

Splices

Splices are a permanent join of two

fibers
Lower attenuation and reflectance than
connectors
Stronger and cheaper than connectors
Easier to perform than connectorization

Fusion Splicing

Melts the fibers together to form a

continuous fiber
Expensive machine
Strongest and best join for
singlemode fiber
May lower bandwidth of multimode fiber

Mechanical Splicing

Mechanically aligns fibers

Contains index-matching gel to
transmit light
Equipment cost is low
Per-splice cost is high
Quality of splice varies, but better
than connectors
Fiber alignment can be tuned using a
Visual Fault Locator

Advantages Of Fusion Splicing

Fusion splicing has lowest insertion

loss.
Fusion splicing is permanent.
Fusion splicing can withstand
extreme high temperature changes.
Fusion splicing has highest
mechanical strength.

Disadvantage Of Fusion
Splicing

It is expensive.

Advantages Of Mechanical
Splicing

Mechanical splicers require no power

supplies.
Its design require no extra tools
beyond fibre stripper and fibre cleaver.
Mechanical splices also can be made
within a couple of minutes; this makes
it ideal for temporary connections.

Disadvantages Of Mechanical
Splicing

Mechanical splices has high insertion

loss of 0.2 dB.
Mechanical splicers are only for
multimode fibre.
Mechanical splicers are expensive
than fusion splicers.

Thank You