INTRODUCTION

TO
POWER ELECTRONICS

By
V.RAMANARAYANA,M.TECH.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Assistant professor
Sri Vasavi Engineering College
Tadepalligudem

INTRODUCTION
PowerElectronicsisafieldwhichcombinesPower(electricpower)and
Electronics.
Power engineering deals with thestatic androtating powerequipment for the
generation,transmissionanddistributionofelectricpower.
Electronicsdealswiththestudyofsolidstatesemiconductorpowerdevicesand
circuitsforPowerconversiontomeetthedesiredcontrolobjectives(tocontrol
theoutputvoltageandoutputpower).

Definition and Goal of Power Electronics

Power electronics is the technology associated with efficient conversion and control of
electricpowerbypowersemiconductordevices.
Toconvert,i.etoprocessandcontroltheflowofelectricpowerbysupplyingvoltages
andcurrentsinaformthatisoptimallysuitedforuserloads.
Power electronics may be defined as the subject of applications of solid state power
semiconductordevices(Thyristors)forthecontrolandconversionofelectricpower.

GOAL OF PE
Tocontroltheflowofenergyfromelectricsourcetoelectricload

WHATISPOWERELECTRONICS?
Powerelectronicsispowerprocessing;
Itisanapplicationofelectroniccircuitstocontrolapowerconverterinorderto
changeinputvoltageorcurrentmagnitudeand/orfrequencysuitablefordifferent
loads.
Inapowerelectronicssystem,theflowofelectricenergyiscontrolledbasedonaload
demand.
Themainaimsinmodernpowerelectronicsystemsaretodeliverthepowerwith
maximumefficiency,minimumcostandweightinaintegratedcircuit.
powerelectronicshasasignificantroleindifferentindustrieswhenpowerprocessing
isrequiredsuchascomputers,telecommunications,motordrives,carsandalternative
energysystems.

BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

Building Blocks:

Input Power, Output Power

Power Processor
Controller

PowerElectronics(PE)Systems
Toconvertelectricalenergyfromoneformtoanother,i.e.fromthesourceto
loadwith:
1. highestefficiency
2. highestavailability
3. highestreliability
4. lowestcost
5. smallestsize
6. leastweight.

POWER
ELECTRONIC
APPLICATIONS
COMMERCIALAPPLICATIONS
Heating Systems Ventilating, Air Conditioners, Central Refrigeration, Lighting, Computers and Office equipment's, Uninterruptible Power
Supplies (UPS), Elevators, and Emergency Lamps.

DOMESTICAPPLICATIONS
Cooking Equipment's, Lighting, Heating, Air Conditioners, Refrigerators & Freezers, Personal Computers, Entertainment Equipment's,
UPS.

INDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS
Pumps, compressors, blowers and fans. Machine tools, arc furnaces, induction furnaces, lighting control circuits, industrial lasers,
induction heating, welding equipment's.

AEROSPACEAPPLICATIONS
Space shuttle power supply systems, satellite power systems, aircraft power systems.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Battery chargers, power supplies (DC and UPS), mobile cell phone battery chargers.

TRANSPORTATION
Traction control of electric vehicles, battery chargers for electric vehicles, electric locomotives, street cars, trolley buses, automobile
electronics including engine controls.

UTILITYSYSTEMS
High voltage DC transmission (HVDC), static VAR compensation (SVC), Alternative energy sources (wind, photovoltaic), fuel cells,
storage systems, induced draft fans and boiler feed water pumps.

energy

CURRENTISSUES
1.Energy scenario
Needtoreducedependenceonfossilfuel(87%OFENERGYBYBURNINGFOSSILFUELS)

coal,naturalgas,oil,andnuclearpowerresourceDepletionofthesesourcesisexpected.
Taprenewableenergyresources:
solar,wind,fuel-cell,ocean-wave
EnergysavingbyPEapplications.Examples:
Variablespeedcompressorair-conditioningsystem:
30%savingscomparedtothermostat-controlledsystem.
Lightingusingelectronicsballastboostefficiencyoffluorescentlampby20%.

2. Environment issues
.Nuclear

i.

safety.

Nuclearplantsremainradioactiveforthousandsofyears.

. Burning of fossil fuel

i. emitsgasessuchasCO2,CO(oilburning),SO2,NOX(coalburning)etc.
ii. Createsglobalwarming(greenhouseeffect),acidrainandurbanpollutionfromsmokes .
. Possible Solutions by application of PE. Examples:
i.

Useofenergyveryefficiently

ii.

Renewableenergyresources.

iii. improveconversionefficiency
iv. Powersemiconductordevices
v. Electricvehicles.

POWERELECTRONICSGROWTH
PE rapid growth due to:
Advancesinpower(semiconductor)switches
Advancesinmicroelectronics(DSP,VLSI,microprocessor/microcontroller,ASIC)
Newideasincontrolalgorithms
Demandfornewapplications

PE is an interdisciplinary field:
Digital/analogueelectronics
Powerandenergy
Microelectronics
Controlsystem
Computer,simulationandsoftware
Solid-statephysicsanddevices
Packaging
Heattransfer

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGAES OF PE
ADVANTAGES
1.

highestefficiency

2.

highestavailability

3.

highestreliability

4.

lowestcost

5.

Lowmaintenance

6.

smallestsize

7.

leastweight.

DISADVANTAGES

1.

Harmonics

2.

Inputpowerfactorislow

3.

Lowoverloadcapacity

TextBooks:
1. Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications by M. H.
Rashid, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd edition, 1998
2. Power Electronics: converters, applications & design -by
Nedmohan, Tore M. Undeland, Robbins by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
3. Power Converter Circuits -by William Shepherd, Li zhang, CRC
Taylor & Francis Group.

ReferenceBooks:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Elements of Power ElectronicsPhilip T.Krein.oxford.

power electronics by M D Singh, K B Khanchandani, McGraw Hill
Power Electronics by P.S.Bhimbra, Khanna Publishers.
Thyristorised Power Controllers by G. K. Dubey, S. R. Doradla,
A. Joshi and R. M. K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited
Publishers, 1996.
5. Power Electronics handbook by Muhammad H. Rashid, Elsevier.