You are on page 1of 25

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering.

Department of Civil Engineering, Bangalore.

Seminar on

“Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete”


By

Virupakshappa C.Koti
Branch:Pre Stressed Concrete
Class: M E III Sem

Guide
Dr. Sadath Ali Khan Zai &
Mr. Kiran T
1
Introduction
About two decades back,steel fibre reinforced concrete
(SFRC) were considered a new technology for the
construction industry.However today this technology
has found wider acceptance among the construction
Industry .
And its now well established that one of the important
properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete is its superior resistance
to cracking and crack propagation. The fibre composite pronounced
post – cracking ductility which is unheard of in ordinary concrete.
The transformation from a brittle to a ductile type of material would
increase substantially the energy absorption characteristics of the
fibre composite and its ability to withstand repeatedly applied, shock
or impact loading(1).

2
Steel fibre reinforced concrete
SFRC is a concrete mix that contains
discontinuous, discrete steel fibers that are
randomly dispersed and uniformly distributed.
The quality and quantity of steel fibers influence
the mechanical properties of concrete(7).

A plasticiser or super plasticiser is often used to


enhance mix workability. Steel fibre products are available in a
variety of types and sizes from various manufacturers.
However, the underlying principle of all SFRC designs is to
provide discrete, discontinuous reinforcement and effective
crack control. 3
Steel fibre concrete

4
Steel fibers

Intended for reinforcing concrete are defined as short, discrete


lengths of steel having an aspect ratio in the range of 20-100, with
any cross section and that are sufficiently small to be randomly
dispersed in an unhardened concrete mixture using usual mixing
procedures(7).

5
FIGURE 1
6
Why would we add steel fibres to concrete?

Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material, with a


low tensile strength and a low strain capacity. The role of randomly
distributes discontinuous fibres is to bridge across the cracks that
develop provides some post- cracking “ductility”. If the fibres are
sufficiently strong, sufficiently bonded to material, and permit the FRC
to carry significant stresses over a relatively large strain capacity in the
post-cracking stage.

7
Performance(4)
The most important aspects
controlling the performance of steel
fibres in concrete are the:
. aspect ratio
. volume concentration
. geometrical shape.

8
Aspect ratio And Volume Concentration

This are important feature of the steel fibre product is its aspect
ratio, (or equivalent diameter for non-circular section).The aspect ratio
i.e.the ratio of its length to its diameter, for fibre products are normally
in the range of 30 to 100; higher range of 65 to 100 is required for more
demanding applications such as heavy industrial floors.

Generally speaking, Higher for a fibre type with higher aspect ratio
and volume concentration of the fibre as compare to a fibre
type with lower aspect ratio and volume concentration of the
fibre, which means that the performance of SFRC is better(2).

9
Unfortunately, the higher the aspect ratio and
volume concentration of the fibre, becomes more
difficult to mix, convey and shoot. Thus there are
practical limits to the amount of single fibres,
which can be added,with the amount varying with
the different geometrical characteristics of the
several fibre types.

However, if the aspect ratio exceeds 55, the risk of fibres


bunching together (or known as “fibre-balling “) during mixing
with concrete shall also increase. Thus,these “high-end” fibres
are usually prepared in glued bundle form before being
introduced into the concrete mix to avoid fibre-balling and also
to facilitate fibre dispersion(8).

10
fibre-balling

11
Geometrical shape.
It was determined that the continuous-
deformed, slit-sheet fiber provided better micro-
macro cracking performance, as well as flexural
strength enhancement; whereas, the end-
deformed, drawn-wire steel fibers performed
best post-first-crack. increase the reinforcing
efficiency and ductility(2).

12
STATIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

13
Compressive strength
Fibres do little to enhance the static compressive strength
of concrete, with increases in strength ranging from essentially nil
to perhaps 25%. Even in members which contain conventional
reinforcement in addition to the steel fibres, the fibres have little
effect on compressive strength. However, the fibres do
substantially increase the post-cracking ductility, or energy
absorption of the material . …

LONGITUDINAL STRAIN X 10-6

FIGURE 2 Stress-Strain curves in compression for SFRC (5) 14


Tensile Strength
Fibres aligned in the direction of the tensile stress may bring
about very large increases in direct tensile strength, as high as
133% for 5% of smooth, straight steel fibres. However, for
more or less randomly distributed fibres, the increase in
strength is much smaller, ranging from as little as no increase
in some instances to perhaps 60%, with many investigations
indicating intermediate values, as shown FIGURE 3. Splitting-
tension test of SFRC show similar result. Thus, adding fibres
merely to increase the direct tensile strength is probably not
worthwhile. However, as in compression, steel fibres do lead
to major increases in the post-cracking behaviour or toughness
of the composite.

15
FIGURE 3 Influence of fibre content on tensile strength (5)
16
Flexural Strength
Steel fibres are generally found to have aggregate much greater
effect on the flexural strength of SFRC than on either the
compressive or tensile strength, with increases of more than
100% having been reported. The increases in flexural strength
is particularly sensitive, not only to the fibre volume, but also
to the aspect ratio of the fibres, with higher aspect ratio leading
to larger strength increases. Figure 4 describes the fibre effect
in terms of the combined parameter Wl/d, where l/d is the
aspect ratio and W is the weight percent of fibres. It should be
noted that for Wl/d > 600, the mix characteristics tended to be
quite unsatisfactory. Deformed fibres show the same types of
increases at lower volumes, because of their improved bond
characteristics.

17
FIGURE 4 The effect of Wl/d on the flexural strength of mortar and
concrete (5)
18
OTHER PROPERTIES

Fatigue Resistance - the fatigue strength of steel fibre concrete is


far greater (1.6 times) than that of conventional concrete.

Impact– steel fibres greatly increase (1.5 to 5.0 times) concrete’s


resistance to damage from heavy impact.

Shear Strength – shear strength is much improved (1.25 to 2.0


times) over unreinforced concrete.

19
•Shrinkage– although the steel fibres themselves do not affect
shrinkage rate, they can minimise and help eliminate shrinkage
cracks, particularly in a restrained situation.

• Permeability- again, steel fibres do not directly affect concrete


permeability. But by effectively controlling micro-cracking – and the
resulting susceptibility to moisture and chemical penetration–
SFR can help reduce the overall porosity of the matrix.

20
Advantages And Disadvantages

Advantages

•Creates more ductile concrete with reduced cracking


•Reduces the effect of shrinkage curling
•More economical than conventional steel solutions
•Fast installation thereby reducing schedule time
•Easy materials handling
•Supported by large manufacturers
•Very durable
•Does not interfere with guidewire signals
•Does not cause concrete delaminations
•Can replace wire mesh in most elevated slabs

21
Disadvantages

•May sometimes be visible at the surface.

•Will rust in corrosive environments (does not cause


delaminations) .

22
Applications
Steel fibre reinforced concrete has gained widespread
use in applications such as the following:
•. Rock slope stabilisation and support of excavated
foundations, often in conjunction with rock and soil
anchor systems;
•. Industrial floorings, road pavements, warehouses
•. Channel linings, protect bridge abutments and
stabilise debris flow prone creeks;
•. Rehabilitation of deteriorated marine structures
such as light stations, bulkheads, piers, sea wall sand
dry docks;
•. Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete in structures
such as bridges, chemical processing and handling
plants. 23
References

1) Determination of Early-Age Ductility of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Shotcrete


Lining System at INCO’s Stobie Mine by Jean-François Dufour, J. Denis P.
O’Donnell, Sr., and Michael Ballou.
2) Fibers in Concrete, The Indian Concrete Journal , March 2003.
3) Influence Of fiber type on handened properties of Steel Fiber-Reinforced
concrete by Klaus Holschemacher, Torsten Müller.
4) Steel Fiber-Reinforced concrete by Nguyen Van CHANH.
5) “Steel fiber reinforced mortar and concrete”, A review of mechanical properties
by C.D. Johnston . In fiber reinforced concrete ACI – SP 44 – Detroit 1974 .
6) Compressive behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete by R. D. Neves and J.
C. O. Fernandes de Almeida.
7) Experimental Investigation on Behavior of Steel fiber reinforced mortar and
concrete by Chuanbo Wang of University of canterbury.
8) How to choose Required Steel fibre by Timuran Engineering Sdn. Bhd

24
THANK
you.

25

You might also like