Load Dispatch(Merit Order Dispatch)

Presentation byA.D.PalamwarEx. C.L.D.Kalwa. (4 Years )

T.D.[C.P. & E.H.V.P.] ( 6 months0
T.M. [T&D] M.S.E.B.( 1 year)
Director [Operation] M.S.E.D.C.L.(2 years)
1

Integration of WR-ER-NR-NER

Power
system in
India

HVDC Back to Back

400/220 kV AC lines
HVDC Bi Pole
400 kV AC lines

Regional Grids

Data NLDC 7 Aug, 2012

ER-NR-WR Grid
Teesta

Northern Region
Bareli

Muradabad

Tala

Eastern Region

Gorakhpu(UP)
Lucknow
Gorakhpur

Agra

Mujjafarpur

New Shliguri

Lucknow(UP)
Muradnagar

Unnao
Bangaigaon

Sultanpur
Purnia
Panki

Agra

Azangarh

Malda

Bseriff
Bgarth

Kahalgaon

Kanpur

Sarnah

Farakka

Manpuri
Shahupuri

Alahabad

Pusauli
Maithon

Anpara

Obra

Durgapur
Singrulli

Western Region

Pusauli(UP)

Vindhyachal

Raipur

Rihand

Korba

Rourkela

Buddhipadar

Jamshedpur

TSTPP

WR Grid Frequency

49.78

Deviation Rate
(Rs/Unit)

Last Updated at :

06.36

01-August-2014
07:23:04

CONSTITUENTS' PARTICULARS (MW)

Sr. No.

State

Gujrat
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra
Chattishgarh
Goa
DD
DNH

2
3
4
5
6
7

Generation Demand

Sch.
Drawl

Act.
Drawl

Deviation

6584

8100

1456

1521

65

2032

5386

3363 3354

-9

9785
1869
0
0
0

13120 3428
2525 773
252
226
247
220
474
457

3355
655
252
245
474

-73
-118
26
25
17
8

 SLDC KALWA-Daily system Report for 30/Jul/2014

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11

ENERGY AVAILABILITY/ REQUIREMENT ETC.

(EX-BUS) IN (MUs) March 2014

12

Real Time Generation data

13

GRID MAP WESTERN REGION

14

Load Management
Daily Load Curve
120
100
80
60
40
20

MORNING PEAK

E.P.

INTERMEDIATE LOAD

BASE LOAD

15

Load Management

MORNING PEAK

E.P.

INTERMEDIATE LOAD

BASE LOAD

16

Merit Order Dispatch

1. Load is Master Generator is Slave.
2. Generator to meet load demand as per
schedule.
3. Must Run Generators.Wind-Solar-Run of the
River- Captive generation.
4. Least cost energy first.
5. Hydro during Peak Hours.
6. Costly energy last.
17

Types of Generators
1. Base Load Plants Coal fired and CCGT plants.
2. Peaking Plants Hydro and Open cycle G.T.
Coal based plants need to run at maximum stable load to
maintain their efficiency. Frequent load variation is
not desirable.
Load variations may lead to unstable conditions.
Load variation process is slow due to thermal Inertia.
Hydro plants can change their generation level fast.
Hence ideally, load curve variations should be managed
by Hydro Generation only.
18

INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

The power system operation in India is being coordinated by the
State, Regional and National Load Despatch Centres (SLDCs/
RLDCs/ NLDC).
The Electricity Act 2003 mandates that the Load Despatch
Centres shall exercise supervision and control over the
transmission system.
Ensure integrated operation of the power system within their
jurisdiction.
They are expected to maintain vigil against threats and
vulnerabilities in the system.
Take preventive measures to avoid failures.
In the event of failures, it is desired that the system is restored to
its normal state quickly.
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Challenges
The challenges in power system operation in India are
increasing due to enlarged system size; brisk pace of
capacity addition; long distance power flows;
multiple players; competition in the electricity market;
emphasis on pan India optimization;
climate change; large scale integration of renewable
energy sources in certain pockets; and
increasing customer expectations.
The ability of the system operators to take decisions in
real-time is dependent on their situational awareness
derived from the data/information available with them
in real-time.
20

Real Time Data

Conventionally the analog & digital information
related to the power system,
Such as circuit breaker status, frequency, voltage and
power flow (MW/MVAr) is measured at the
substation level.
And is presented in the Load Despatch Centre through
the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition/Energy
Management System (SCADA/EMS).
In India, there is a hierarchical architecture through
which the information is routed and updated (every 10
seconds) at the respective Load Despatch Centre.
21

The Load Angle

Angular separation between coherent groups of generators within a
synchronous grid is representative of the grid stress.
The angular separation between adjacent nodes may be available at the
substation synchronizing trolley during synchronizing the tie lines.
However, the measurement of angular separation and its telemetry at
the control centre level in SCADA/EMS has limitations.
Therefore, the load angle is either estimated from the available
SCADA data or
The angular separation between a pair of substations is derived offline
with the help of power flow on the line, impedance of the line and
respective terminal voltages.
Both these methods have their limitations due to data latency,
skewdness and inaccuracies inherent in SCADA/EMS.
22

POWER FLOW & LOAD ANGLE

P = [(E1 x E2) sin ()]/X ; Hence, Sin = (P *
X) / (E1 * E2)
where
E1 and E2 are the sending and receiving end
voltages
is the angle between E1 and E2
X is the reactance of the circuit
Thus, with voltages constant, the power
transfer through a circuit is a function of Sin .
23

POWER FLOW & LOAD ANGLE

If is zero, Sin = 0; there is no power transfer.
Maximum power transfer occurs when the is 90
degrees. Because power transfer is a function of Sin ,
which is Maximum at 90 degrees.
is also known as the 'load angle'.
Also is directly proportional to Power Flow P.
At = 90 deg. Stability Limit is reached.
Beyond 90 degrees, Sin REDUCES as the angle
increases, thus leading to INSTABILITY.
Corrective action is taken as nears 90 degrees.
24

Functions of L.D.Centers.-N.L.D.C.
Defined in the EA-2003.
National Load Dispatch Center Optimum scheduling and dispatch of power
among the R.L.D.C.s
It will be a Govt. Company.
Will not trade in power.

25

Function of R.L.D.C.

Five Regions NER, NR, ER, WR,&SR.

Each region has a RLDC which is a Govt. Co.
No trading in Power.
Apex body to ensure integrated operation in the
region.
Optimum scheduling & Dispatch within the
region.

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RLDC............
Monitor grid operation.[Generation,Line
loading, X-mer loading, Voltages,Power angles].
Energy account of Regional grid.
Supervision & Control over Inter-State
transmission System.
Real time grid operation for secure and
economic grid operation as per GRID
STANDARDS & GRID CODE.

27

Intra State Transmission

SERC shall promote transmission-wheeling &
interconnection arrangements for supply of electricity
in Efficient and Economic manner.
State Govt to form SLDC.
SLDC is Apex body in the state for integrated
operation of state grid.
Optimum scheduling & dispatch within state.
Monitor grid operation.
Energy accounting.
Supervision & Control of state grid.
Real time operation for secure & economic grid
operation.
28

S.L.D.C.before Restructuring

M.S.E.B.
Generation Transmission Distribution.
Load Dispatch Transmission Wing.
After restructuring L.D. is still a part of
Mahatransco, but is isolated from it.
S.T.U. & S.L.D.C. are independent arms .
Both are part of Maha-Transco .
29

Load Dispatch
S.L.D.C. is the nerve center of the GRID.
What is the GRID.?
Network of LINES connecting Load Centers to
Generating Stations.
Remote Telemetering Units (R.T.U).s convey
real time data to SLDC.
ALDC is also load dispatch center.
30

Maharashtra A.L.D.C. & S.L.D.C.

A.L.D.C. at NAGPUR [Ambazari]
It covers V.K.M.
Chandrapur,Koradi,Khaperkheda,Paras,
Bhusawal and Parli. TPS are in VKM.
Network of 400/220/132/66 KV.
Interconnections with other states at
Chandrapur, Koradi.
31

S.L.D.C. KALWA.
Covers Western Maharashtra and ALDC.
Nasik TPS , Tata , Reliance ,TPS &Hydro
plants and KOYNA & All other small hydro
plants.
Interconnections with other states at Padghe
& Dhule.
Supreme grid authority for the State in Real
Time.
Reports to M.E.R.C.
32

R.L.D.C.
At Andheri. Covers entire Western Region.
Maharashtra, M.P. Gujrat, Chhattisgad,
Goa, and
Daman & Diu.[Central Territories]
Reports to C.E.R.C.
Supreme grid authority in Real Time.

33

W.R.L.D.C.

WRLDC is the apex body to ensure

integrated operation of the power system in
the Western Region.

The main responsibilities of WRLDC are:

Monitoring of system parameters and security.
To ensure the integrated operation of the power
system grid in the region.
System studies, planning and contingency
analysis.
Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating
immediate remedial measures.
Daily scheduling and operational planning.
Facilitating bilateral and inter-regional exchanges.
34

W.R.L.D.C.

Computation of energy dispatch and

drawl values using SEMs.
Augmentation of telemetry, computing and
communication facilities.

Reliability,
Security and
Economy
in Power Transmission
35

Available Transmission Capacity

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
WRLDC,MUMBAI
ATC OF WESTERN REGION FOR AUGUST 2009-Revised
1) Import capability of WR
Time Period

TTC

Reliablity Margin

Scheduling Limit

LTOA

ATC

*ER--->WR

00-18
22-24

1500

500

1000

432

568

*ER--->WR

18-22

1500

500

1000

370

630

**NR--->WR

00-24

1200

200

1000

55

945

SR--->WR
00-24
1000
250
750
*- TTC of ER-WR link revised due to outage of 400KV Khandwa-Dhule D/C lines
**- TTC of NR-WR link revised due to outage of 400KV Khandwa-Dhule D/C lines

750

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2) Export capability of WR
Time Period

TTC

Reliablity Margin

Scheduling Limit

LTOA

ATC

#WR--->ER

00-18
22-24

1000

Export Capability of WR.

200

800

800

#WR--->ER

18-22

1000

200

800

800

WR--->NR

00-24

1500

200

1300

1300

WR--->SR

00-24

1000

200

800

800

# Export capability of WR through WR-ER link increased to 1000MW

Abbreviations:
TTC:

Total Transfer Capability

LTOA:

Long Term Open Access

TRM:

Transmission Reliability Margin

CBM:

Capacity Benefit Margin

ATC:

Available Transfer Capability

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Allocation from unallocated quota of NTPC stations

From KHSTPS -II
LTOA:
in Eastern Region
00-18 & 22-24
18-22 hrs
Allocated Quota
a)
UnAllocated Quota

Gujarat

94

M.P.

49.32

Chattisgarh

21

20

Maharashtra

41.04

98.66

Goa

DD

1.32

DNH

Total

62.04

265.3

b)

LTOA from DVC to MPPTCL 100 MW

c)

LTOA from HEG to CSEB 5 MW

d)

LTOA from Rihand and Matatila HEP to MPPTCL 55MW

38

Scheduled Vs Actual Drawl

Details Of Schedule Vs Actual Drawal For States...

WR Grid Frequency
49.37
UI Rate (Rs/Unit) 5.94
Last Updated at : 8/18/2009 21:39
State
Generation
Demand Sch. Drawal Act. Drawal UI
Gujrat
6980 8604
1760
1778 18
Madhya Pradesh
1850 3395
1536
1545 9
Maharashtra
8981 11581
2661
2644 -17
Chattishgarh
1373 2609
436
269 -167
Goa
0
231
232
231 -1
DD
0
203
174
203 29
DNH
0
404
426
40439 -22

National Grid.
Commissioning of TALA Hydro Project in Bhutan
and associated transmission lines for evacuation of
Power from Bhutan.
Central Grid (NER-ER-WR) is synchronized to
Northern regional Grid through 400 KV
Muzaffarpur-Gorakhpur double circuit, quadruple
conductor lines.
The synchronization was carried on 26th Aug 2006.
at 12:22 Hrs
At the time of synchronization CE ( LD ) was
deputed to WRLDC Control Room to observe the
synchronization process
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THANK YOU.

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