Presentation on-

Column
Detailing

Column
Definition:
Columninarchitectureandstructural
engineeringis a structural element that
transmits,
throughcompression,
the
weight of the structure above to other
structural elements below. In other
words, a column is a compression
member.

Load Transforming in a
Structure

Forces in a
Column

There may be two types forces in a column1. Compressive Force which works
axially
2. Forces of the wind or other
normal forces

Types of Column
Mainly two types of column Rectangular Column
Circular Column

Pier : A special type

Pier is a vertical load bearing member
similar to a column except that it is
bonded into load -bearing wall at the
sides to form an integral part and
extends to full height of the wall. A pier
is introduced to increase the stiffness of
the wall to carry additional load or to
carry vertical concentrated load. Pier
also strengthens the wall to resist
lateral pressure without buckling.

Why
used?

Steps in Column
Construction
Reinforcement
Placement
Formwork or Shuttering
Concrete Mixing
Concrete Casting
Removal of Formwork
Curing

Reinforcement
Placement
The following points must be in mind
while reinforcement is placed1. Number of reinforcement
2. Maintaining vertical alignment
3. Overlapping
4. Ties
5. Hooks

Number of
Reinforcement
In rectangular column, there must be
four main bars
In circular column, there must be six
main bars

Maintaining Vertical
Alignment
As column is casted
directly over footing
the reinforcement
must be vertical to
the surface.

Overlapping
Overlapping may
be needed in a
column as a
column may rise
very high. It is
mainly done in
the mid span.
Overlapping
must be done

Ties
Uses Used to maintain the reinforcements
vertical
Resists bursting out effect
Some important points1.Close ties are used
near support
2.Less densile ties

Code to combine
ties

Code to combine
ties(Contd..)

Hooks
Used to connect the reinforcements.
Can be of 180 or 90 or 135
Length of hook must be different for
different angles of hook.

Hook at 180
Length of hook must be 4 times greater than the
diameter of reinforcement.

Hook at 90
Length of hook must be 12 times greater than the
diameter of reinforcement.

Hooks at 135
Length of hook must be 5 times greater than the
diameter of reinforcement.

Formwork or
Shuttering
Purpose Providing necessary
times for setting
of cement
Maintaining vertical
alignment

Characteristics of
Formwork
Formwork must be smooth in its
inside part. It is not always possible to
keep it fully smooth. But it should be
tried to keep it sufficient smooth
inside.
Formwork must be leak proof. It is
essential as there is a possibility of
losing water, aggregates or binding
material. In case of steel, no extra step
is needed to make it leak proof. But in

Clear Cover
Base of formwork is used to maintain
the clear cover.
Used to maintain the alignment
vertical.
Used to keep the reinforcement safe
from air effect.
Should be maintained
minimum 1.5 inch.

Types of
formwork
Formwork may be of 2 types Timber Formwork
Steel Formwork

Concrete
Mixing
The concrete used in any types of
construction must have some specific
requirements. They are Concrete must have sufficient
strength.
Concrete must be durable for a
specific amount of time.
It must be economic.

Components of a
Concrete

Coarse Aggregate
Fine Aggregate
Binding Materials (Cement)
Water ( As cement is a hydraulic
binding material)

All these (along with aggregates if necessary) are

mixed in a mixer. Proportion of the first three is
very important. This proportion may be different in
different cases. Water is added sufficient enough
to help in acquiring necessary strength.

Concrete Mixing
(Contd..)

Workabilty
Test
Slump test is done
to measure the
workability of
concrete. Flowness
of the concrete is
must in a column
casting. If the
slump value is
minimum 125 mm
then it is called
true slump and it is
better for use in

Concrete
Casting
Must followed rules:
1. Casting must be in two lifts
2. No casting from more than 1m
height
3. Using vibrator simultaneously to
compact the concrete. ( Hand
compaction may be done, but it is not
well enough.)

Concrete Casting
(Contd)
Concrete casting and
compacting must be done
together

Concrete Casting
( Contd..)
Problems if casting is not done
properly If the concrete is casted from too
high, then it is quite tough to use
vibrator. If vibration cannot be done
then there will be lack in compaction
which will create void in the
structure.
If the concrete is casted from too
high, then the coarse aggregates will

Removal of Framework
Removal work is done generally after 3
days. It may varies as per as situation.

Curing
Provides sufficient water for the
hydration reaction.
Can be done in three ways in
general1. Covering with gunny bags
2. Water throwing
3. Ponding

Curing (Contd.. )

Problems in Concrete
Casting
There may be several problems in
casting a column. They are Maintaining Vertical Alignment
Segregation
Leakage of Water

Maintaining Vertical
Alignment
As concrete is casted directly over the
footing, maintaining vertical
alignment is very necessary.

Segregation
- Separation of fine
and coarse
aggregate
- May occur if
concrete is casted
more than 1m
height

Leakage of
Water
- Leaking water
through
shuttering
- May occur if there
is a gap in inner
surface
- May cause huge
amount of water
- Can reduce the
strength of

Improper
Vibration
Must be done using
vibrator or hand vibration.
May create many void
regions if it is not
done properly.

Dos in a Column
A reinforced column shall have at
least six bars of longitudinal
reinforcement for using in transverse
helical reinforcement.-forCIRCULAR
sections.
A min of four bars one at each corner
of the column in the case of
rectangular sections.
Keep outer dimensions of column
constant, as far as possible, for reuse

Dos in a Column
(Contd..)

Preferably avoid use of 2 grades of

vertical bars in the same element.
The percentage of reinforcement in
the cross-section of column is
minimum 1% and maximum 8%
according to the BNBC code.
A column cannot be smaller than
12*12 according to the BNBC code.

Any
question???

Thank You All