Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Members:
Lea Andres
Janmillen Yamomo
Alessandra Barrozo
Ian Aquino
Joshuatroy Facunla
Edmark Taban
Criselle Ladines
Structures of
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of 50% proteins
(structure, protection, turn genes on and
off), and 50% DNA (deoxy-ribonucleic acid).
Chromosomes are made of many chromatin
threads, each containing DNA and proteins.
Somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes,
gametic cells contain 23 chromosomes.
44 of our chromosomes are AUTOSOMES,
while 2 are called sex chromosomes.
Structures of Genes
Protein coding genes have a coding region
flanked by untranslated regions and may
be split into exons and introns. There are
two types of gene in the human genom:
non-coding RNA genes and protein-coding
genes. Non-coding RNA genes represent
2-5 percent of the total and encode
functional RNA molecules. Many of these
RNAs are involved in the control of gene
expression, particularly protein synthesis.
Structure of a Gene
Simplified overview of gene structure and
expression. A protein-coding gene is
defined by the extent of the primary
transcript. The promoter and any other
regulatory elements are outside the gene.
The gene itself is divided into three types
of sequence. The coding region (light blue)
is the information used to define the
sequence of amino acids in the protein.
The untranslated regions (dark blue) are
found in the mRNA but are not used to
define the protein sequence; they are
often regulatory in nature.
Structures of DNA
DNA is one of thenucleic acids,
information-containing molecules in
the cell (ribonucleic acid, or RNA, is
the other nucleic acid). DNA is found
in the nucleus of every human cell.
More informations in
DNA:
Although it may look complicated, the DNA
in a cell is really just a pattern made up of
four different parts callednucleotides.
Imagine a set of blocks that has only four
shapes, or an alphabet that has only four
letters. DNA is a long string of these
blocks or letters. Each nucleotide consists
of a sugar (deoxyribose) bound on one
side to aphosphate groupand bound
on the other side to anitrogenous base.