Physical vs Chemical

Properties and Changes;

Chemical Reactions

Physical vs Chemical Properties

Physical Property
Observed with senses
Determined without
destroying/changing
matter

Color
Boiling point
Density
Polarity

Chemical Property
How a substance
reacts with something
else
Matter changed after
reaction
Reactivity
Toxicity
Flammability

Physical Change
Physical change: a change that
occurs that does not change the
identity of the substance

Melting ice(change in state or phase)

Freezing Kool-aid
Tearing paper
Boiling water (same as melting ice)

All State Changes are Physical Changes

Add Energy

Remove Energy

Chemical
Changes
Chemical change:

a change that occurs

causing the identity of the substance to
change
Burning wood
Digesting or rotting food
Rusting iron
Reacting with other substances-baking
soda and vinegar

How Can We Change Matter Into New

Substances?
Chemical reaction (also known as a chemical
change) is a change in a substance or substances
that results in a totally new substance
Ex: 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)

The reactants, what you start with, are on the

left
The products, what you end with, are on the right

How Do I Know If A Chemical Reaction Has

Occurred?
There are 5 indicators of a chemical reaction
1. Creation of a gas-smoke, smell, or bubbles
2. Creation of light-glowing, light or flash
3. Creation/loss of heat-becoming warmer or colder
4. Color change
5. Creation of a precipitate: a solid produced after
mixing two liquids

Precipitate Reactions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGUfC3UUBkI

Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur?

Chemical reactions occur to produce a more stable
product than the existing reactants
Ex: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)
*The sodium is highly unstable and the chlorine gas is
somewhat unstable. The resulting Sodium Chloride is
VERY stable.
**It is important to understand that the products have
totally different properties than the reactants

Where Does The Matter Go?

When matter undergoes a chemical reaction (ie a
chemical change) it does not disappear or appear
The atoms are rearranged and form new bonds, but no
matter is lost nor gained

This is called the Law of Conservation of Mass

Types of Chemical Reactions

Exothermic Reaction

Endothermic Reaction

In an exothermic
reaction, heat (energy) is
released. When heat is
released you feel the
heat being given off.

In an endothermic
reaction, heat (energy)
is absorbed. When
energy is absorbed, you
feel a drop in
temperature.

In an exothermic
reaction, the energy is
located on the products
side.

In an endothermic
reaction, energy is on
the reactants side.

Show endothermic video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQkJI-Nq3Os

Chemical Formulas
Chemical formulas are written using the elements
symbol and a subscript indicating how many atoms make
up that molecule of the compound.
H20 is an example of a chemical formula.
NaCl is another common one.

Chemical Equations
Reactants are the substances that are at the beginning of
a chemical reaction.
Products are the substances that are made during a
chemical reaction.
Na + Cl e NaCl
What are the products?
What are the reactants?

Chemical Equations
2H2 + O2 e 2H2O
Coefficient-indicates how many molecules of that atom is
in the reaction. This goes with everything after the
number.
Subscript-indicates how many atoms of that specific
element is in that molecule.