Air Environment

Jaime Rivera
Gelo Suniga

Objectives
The class will be aware of the composition
of air and its pollutants.
The class will know the different sources of
air pollutants.
The class will know the different effects of
air pollution.
The class will be aware of the past and
existing laws and republics acts
concerning air and air pollution

Air
The invisible mixture of gases that
surrounds the Earth.

Composition of the
Atmosphere

www.kidsgeo.c

Nitrogen
Added to the atmosphere when
plants and animals decay.
Small amount removed by living
organisms.
Rain and snow wash nitrogen out of
the atmosphere.

Oxygen
Added by plants in the process of
Photosynthesis.
Removed by living organisms in the
process of breathing.

Air Pollution
The presence in the atmosphere of
potentially harmful substances that
are not normally a part of its
composition.

Pollutants
Potentially harmful substances that
are not normally a part of the
atmospheres composition.
e.g. smoke, dust, ash, pollen,
numerous gases, human-made
substances

Naturally occurring
pollutants:

Dust and gases from volcanoes

Smoke and ash from fires
Pollen from plants
Meteoritic dust from space

 Naturally occurring
pollutants:
Substances from human activities
Discharged pollutants by factories,
airplanes, automobiles, etc.

Classifying Air Pollutants

Solid Particulates dust, soot, ash,
and metals including lead, nickel,
etc.
Liquid Particulates Variety of mists
and spray

Gases that are air

pollutants
Inorganic ammonia, chlorine,
hydrogen sulfur, and oxides of
nitrogen, carbon and sulfur
Organic methane, benzene,
ethylene

Sources of Air Pollutants

Anthropogenic (man-made) Sources
Natural Sources

Anthropogenic Sources

Stationary Sources
Mobile sources
Fumes
Waste Deposition

InternationalCombustion Engine
Engine used in most of the motor
powered automoniles.
Discharge incompletely burned waste
products

Natural Sources
Methane from the digestion of food
by animals
Radon gas from radioactive decay
Etc.

Effects of Air Pollution

Human Health
Effects on Plants
Effects on Buildings
Local Weather and Climate

Human Health
Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
COPD
Black Lung from inhaling coal dust
Berylliosis from beryllium dust
Abestosis from asbestos fibers
Silicosis from silica-containing dust

Effects on Plants
Discoloration
Development of holes in leaves
Death of the entire plant

Effects on Buildings
Air pollutants abrade, corrode,
tarnish, soil, erode, crack, weaken,
and discolor many human-made
structures and materials.

Local Weather and

Climate
Carbon dioxide traps heat
Strong winds scatter pollutants to
near-by areas
Temperature Inversions

Temperature Inversions
An atmospheric condition wherein
warm air lies above cold air. Cold air
is heavier, hence it remains near the
ground.

Air pollutions
Regulations
and Legislations

DAO 14
DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER
No. 14
Series of 1993

DAO 14

DAO 14
Notes for Table 1. 1. For existing
sources, the applicable date
classification in columns (3) and (4)
refers to the initial plant construction
or modification, whichever is
appropriate. 2. For fuel-burning
steam generators or sources, the
concentration of particulate matter
at the point of emission shall be
corrected on the basis of 12% CO2

Republic Act 8749

It is a policy of the state to protect
and advance the right of people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in
accord with the rhythm, and
harmony of nature
It is also the policy of the state to
attain and maintain a balance
between development and
environmental protection.

Republic Act 8749

It is the policy of the state to
maintain the quality of air that
protects human health and welfare.

Maximum limits represented by ninety-eight percentile (98%) values not to exceed more than once
a year.
b
Arithmetic mean.
c
SO2and Suspended Particulate matter are sampled once every six days when using the manual
methods. A minimum of twelve sampling days per quarter or forty-eight sampling days each year is
required for these methods. Daily sampling may be done in the future once continuous analyzers are
procured and become available.
d
Limits for Total Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 25-50 m m.
e
Annual Geometric Mean.
f
Provisional limits for Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 10 m m
and below until sufficient monitoring data are gathered to base a proper guideline.
g
Evaluation of this guideline is carried out for 24-hour averaging time and averaged over three
moving calendar months. The monitored average value for any three months shall not exceed the
guideline value.
a

The applicable methods for sampling and measurement

of the above pollutants are as follows:

TSP

High Volume - Gravimetric, USEPA 40 CFR, Part 50, Appendix B

PM-10

High Volume with 10 micron particle-size inlet; Gravimetric, USEPA 40 CFR,

Part 50, Appendix J

Sulfur Dioxide

Gas Bubbler and Pararosaniline Method (West and Gaeke Method), orFlame
Photometric Detector, USEPA 40CFR, Part 50, Appendix A

Nitrogen Dioxide

Gas Bubbler Griess-Saltzman, or Chemiluminescence Method,USEPA 40 CFR,

Part 50, Appendix F

Ozone

Neutral Buffer Potassium Iodide (NBKI), or Chemiluminescence Method,USEPA

40 CFR, Part 50, Appendix D

Carbon Monoxide

Non-dispersive Infra-red Spectrophotometry (NDIR),USEPA 40 CFR, Part 50,

Appendix C

Lead

High Volume and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry,USEPA 40 CFR, Part

50, Appendix G

Kyoto Protocol
an international treaty, which extends the
1992 (UNFCC) that commits state parties
to reduce greenhouse gases emissions.
And it is intended to bring countries
together to reduce global warming and to
cope with the effects of temperature
increases that are unavoidable after 150
years of industrialization

Kyoto Protocol
Adopted
in
Kyoto,
Japan
on
December 11, 1997 and entered into
force on February 16 2005.
There are 192 parties to the protocol
1st commitment period (2008-2012)
2nd commitment period also known
as the DOHA amendment

Montreal Protocol
A landmark international agreement
designed to protect the stratospheric
ozone layer.
Originally signed in 1897,
substantially amended in 1990 and
1992.
Stipulates that production and
consumption of compounds that
deplete the ozone are to be phased
out by 2000.

Montreal Protocol
It has undergone 8 revisions
(1991,1992,1993,1995,1997,1999,20
07)

The Largest Antartic ozone hole recorded as of 2006

QUIZ!

Quiz
1. The invisible mixture of gases that
surrounds the earth.
a. Air
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Carbon Dioxide

Quiz
2. The presence in the atmosphere of
potentially harmful substances that are
not normally a part of its composition.
a. Water pollution
b. Land Pollution
c. Air Pollution
d. Noise Pollution

Quiz
3. an international treaty, which extends
the 1992 (UNFCC) that commits state
parties to reduce greenhouse gases
emissions.
a. Kyoto Protocol
b. Montreal Protocol
c. DAO 14
d. RA 8748

Quiz
4. A landmark international agreement
designed to protect the stratospheric
ozone layer.
a. Kyoto Protocol
b. Montreal Protocol
c. DAO 14
d. RA 8748

Quiz
5. It is a policy of the state to protect and
advance the right of people to a balanced
and healthful ecology in accord with the
rhythm, and harmony of nature
a. RA 8748
b. RA 8749
c. RA 8747
d. RA 8746

Quiz
6. An atmospheric condition wherein
warm air lies above cold air. Cold air is
heavier, hence it remains near the
ground.
a. Global Warming
b. Climate Change
c. Acid Rain
d. Temperature Inversions

Quiz
7 8 Give the two sources of pollution

Quiz
9 10 Give the effects of pollution on
Human Health

Answers

Quiz
1. The invisible mixture of gases that
surrounds the earth.
a. Air
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Carbon Dioxide

Quiz
2. The presence in the atmosphere of
potentially harmful substances that are
not normally a part of its composition.
a. Water pollution
b. Land Pollution
c. Air Pollution
d. Noise Pollution

Quiz
3. an international treaty, which extends
the 1992 (UNFCC) that commits state
parties to reduce greenhouse gases
emissions.
a. Kyoto Protocol
b. Montreal Protocol
c. DAO 14
d. RA 8748

Quiz
4. A landmark international agreement
designed to protect the stratospheric
ozone layer.
a. Kyoto Protocol
b. Montreal Protocol
c. DAO 14
d. RA 8748

Quiz
5. It is a policy of the state to protect and
advance the right of people to a balanced
and healthful ecology in accord with the
rhythm, and harmony of nature
a. RA 8748
b. RA 8749
c. RA 8747
d. RA 8746

Quiz
6. An atmospheric condition wherein
warm air lies above cold air. Cold air is
heavier, hence it remains near the
ground.
a. Global Warming
b. Climate Change
c. Acid Rain
d. Temperature Inversions

Quiz
7 8 Give the two sources of pollution
Anthropogenic
Natural

Quiz
9 10 Give the effects of pollution on
Human Health
Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
COPD
Black Lung from inhaling coal dust
Berylliosis from beryllium dust
Abestosis from asbestos fibers
Silicosis from silica-containing dust