PSYCHO-SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT
Group reporting;

Post natal development;

Tan. Leticia A. H106

PSYCHO-SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
psychosocial development includes stages of
development. At each stage there is a different and
specific conflict that the individual must resolve in
order to move to the next stage of development. If the
person is unable to resolve a conflict at a particular
stage, they will confront and struggle with it later in
life. Erik Erikson
"The person is faced with a choice between two ways
of coping with each crisis, an adaptive or
maladaptive way. Only when each crisis is resolved,
which involves a change in the personality, does the
person have sufficient strength to deal with the next
stages of development". Schultz and Schultz (1899)

8 AGES OF MAN
BY: ERIK
ERIKSON
Group reporting;

Post natal development;

Tan. Leticia A. H106

"HOPE IS BOTH THE EARLIEST AND

THE MOST INDISPENSABLE VIRTUE
INHERENT IN THE STATE OF BEING
ALIVE. IF LIFE IS TO BE SUSTAINED
HOPE MUST REMAIN, EVEN WHERE
CONFIDENCE IS WOUNDED, TRUST
IMPAIRED."--ERIK ERIKSON

ERIK ERIKSON

Birth: June 15, 1902.

Death: May 12, 1994. (91)

Best known for:

- stages of psycho-social

development
- identity crisis

Career:

-He studied psychoanalysis and earned a certificate from the Vienna

Psychoanalytic Society.
-He took a teaching position at a school created by Dorothy Burlingham.
-He met Joan Serson, they got married in the year 1930.
-He moved to the United States in 1933 and was offered a teaching position
at Harvard Medical School.
-He published a number of books on his theories and research, including
Childhood and Society and The Life Cycle Completed. His book Gandhi's
Truth was awarded a Pulitzer Prize and a national Book Award.

STAGE 1: TRUST VS. MISTRUST

Ages:

Birth up to 12-18
months old.
Stage 1: Oral -Sensory
Important Event:
Feeding
Significant
Relationship: Mother or
substitute mother

 Favorable

Outcome:

-Hope.
-Trust in the world and the
future.
-Able to form relationships.
Unfavorable
Outcome:
-Fear of the future
-Suspicion.
-Difficulty with trust in future
relationships.

STAGE 2: AUTONOMY
VS
SHAME/DOUBT
Ages:

18 months to 3 yrs.

of age
Stage: Muscular vs anal
Important Event:
Toilet training
Significant
Relationship: Parents

 Favorable

Outcome:
self control and Will.
Ability to exercise choice as
well as self-restraint;
a sense of self esteem
leading to good will and
pride.
Unfavorable
Outcome:
Sense of loss of control or
loss of the external world.
propensity for shame and
doubt about personal control

STAGE 3: INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

Ages:

3 to 6 years of age
Stage: Loco motor
Significant
Relationship: Basic
Family
Important Event:
Independence

 Favorable

Outcome:
-Purpose and direction
-ability to initiate one's own
directions
-enjoy one's accomplishments
Unfavorable
Outcome:
- fear of punishment
- self-restriction
- overcompensating by
showing off.

STAGE 4 : INDUSTRY VS.

INFERIORITY
Ages:

6 to 12 years of

age
Stage: Latency
Significant
Relationship:
Neighborhood; School
Important Event:
School

 Favorable

Outcome:
- Competence in intellectual,
social, and physical skills.
- Ability to relate to the world of
skills and tools
- to exercise dexterity and
intelligence in order to make
things and make them well
Unfavorable
Outcome:
- A sense of inadequacy and
inferiority

STAGE 5: IDENTITY VS.

ROLE CONFUSION
Ages:

12 to 18 years of

age
Stage: Adolescence
Significant
Relationship: Peer
Groups and out-groups;
models of leadership.
Important Event: Peer
relationships

 Favorable

Outcome:

- Fidelity.
- Ability to see oneself as a
unique and integrated person
and to sustain loyalties
Unfavorable
Outcome:
- Confusion over who one is
and what one's role is

STAGE 6: YOUNG
ADULTHOOD
Ages:

19 to 40 years of age
Stage: Young
Adulthood
Significant
Relationship: Partners in
friendship and sex;
competition, cooperation
Important Event:
Love relationships

 Favorable

Outcome:

- Love.
- Ability to commit oneself,
one's identity, to others.
Unfavorable
Outcome:
Avoidance of commitments
and of love
distancing of oneself from
others.

STAGE 7:GENERATIVITY
VS. STAGNATION
Ages:

40 to 65 years of

age
Stage: Middle Adulthood
Significant
Relationship: Divided
Labor and Shared
Household.
Important Event:
Parenting

 Favorable

Outcome:
Concern for family, society,
and future generations.
Widening concern for what
has been generated by love,
necessity, or accident; for
one's children, work, or ideas.
Unfavorable
Outcome:
Self-indulgence
boredom
interpersonal impoverishment

STAGE 8: MATURITY
Ages:

65 years of age
to death
Stage: Maturity
Significant
Relationship:
"Mankind" "My Kind."
Important Event:
Reflection on and
acceptance of one's life

Favorable Outcome:
- Wisdom.
- Detached concern for life
itself;
- Assurance of the meaning
of life and of the dignity of
one's own life.
- A sense of fulfillment and
satisfaction with one's life;
- Willingness to face death.
Unfavorable Outcome:
- Disgust with life;
- Despair over death.

STAGE OF
MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
BY: LAWRENCE
KOHLBERG
Group reporting;

Post natal development;

Tan. Leticia A. H106

RIGHT ACTION TENDS TO BE

DEFINED
IN
TERMS
OF
GENERAL INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
AND STANDARDS THAT HAVE
BEEN CRITICALLY EXAMINED
AND AGREED UPON BY THE
WHOLE SOCIETY. LAWRENCE
KOLHBERG

LEVEL 1.
PRECONVENTIONAL
MORALITY
Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment
The earliest stage of moral development is
especially common in young children, but adults are
also capable of expressing this type of reasoning. At
this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute.
Obeying the rules is important because it is a means
to avoid punishment.

Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange

At this stage of moral development, children account
for individual points of view and judge actions based
on how they serve individual needs. In the Heinz
dilemma, children argued that the best course of
action was the choice that best-served Heinzs
needs. Reciprocity is possible at this point in moral
development, but only if it serves one's own
interests.

LEVEL 2.
CONVENTIONAL
MORALITY
Stage 3 - Interpersonal Relationships
Often referred to as the "good boy-good girl"
orientation, this stage of moral development is
focused on living up to social expectations and
roles. There is an emphasis on conformity, being
"nice," and consideration of how choices influence
relationships.

Stage 4 - Maintaining Social Order

At this stage of moral development, people begin to
consider society as a whole when making
judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and
order by following the rules, doing ones duty and
respecting authority.

LEVEL 3.
POSTCONVENTIONAL
MORALITY
Stage

5 - Social Contract and Individual

Rights
At this stage, people begin to account for the
differing values, opinions, and beliefs of other
people. Rules of law are important for
maintaining a society, but members of the
society should agree upon these standards.

Stage 6 - Universal Principles

Kohlbergs final level of moral reasoning is
based upon universal ethical principles and
abstract reasoning. At this stage, people follow
these internalized principles of justice, even if
they conflict with laws and rules.

REFERENCES:

http://
faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/erikerikson.html

http://
psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_erikson.h
tm
http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/erik/sum.html

Pictures are all from google.com

http://
psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/kohlberg.h
tm
http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychosocial+developmentRead
more:
http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Psychos
ocial%20Development#ixzz3JsZpzbTc