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c A R D I O VA S C U L A R s Y S T E M
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CIRCULATORY
CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
Consist of 2 systems : 1,2
Cardiovascular system 2 way transport
Heart : pump
Arteries: take blood from heart to organ
Capillaries: for metabolic exchange
Veins: take blood back to heart
Lymphoid vascular system
Collect excess extracellular tissue fluid (lymph)
H
HE
EA
AR
RT
T
4 chambers :
R/L atriums
R/L ventricles
4 Valves :
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Heart Wall : 1, 2
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
I. Endocardium
Inner layer of atriums & ventricles2
Homologous with tunica intima of
blood vessels
Consist of : 1, 2
1.Endothelium :
Simple squamous epithelium
Junctions :
Tight/occluding junctions
Gap junctions
2. Subendocardial layer :
Loose connective tissue
Contain veins, nerves,
Purkinje cells (branches of
impulse conducting system of
heart
Connected to myocardium
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II. Myocardium
Thick
e
st o n
ventr
icles 2
Thickest tunics
cardiac muscle cells
Thinnest
Smaller cardiac
7 muscle cells
Type Of Cardiac
Muscle Fiber
1. Conducting Impluse
Fiber
2. Contractile
Fiber
Conduction system of
heart: 2, 3
Modification of cardiac
muscle cells
Generate a rythmic stimulus
Consist of :
1. 2 node in atrium wall:
Sinoatrial node/SA node
Atrioventricular node/AV
node
2. AV bundle branches of
AV node
3. Purkinje fibers
branches of AV bundle
Purkinje fibers : 2, 3
Branches of AV Bundle
Located at subendocardial
Distinctive appearance with
ordinary cardiac muscle :
Larger & contain more
cytoplasm
Less myofibril
Rich in mitochondria &
glycogen
1 or 2 central nuclei
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2. Contractile
Fiber
Elongated, cylindrical & branching
fiber
Each fiber contains only 1 or 2 nuclei,
centrally placed
Cross striations similar to skeletal
muscle (A/I/H band & M/Z line)
Sarcoplasm contain numerous large
mitochondria
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TERCALATED DISC
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INTERCALATED DISC
Animasi Cardiac Muscle
III. Epicardium
Homologue to tunica
adventitia in blood vessels3
Outermost layer of heart wall3
Consist of : 1, 2
1. Pericardium viceral
mesothelium (simple
squamous epithelium)
2. Subepicardial layer
loose connective tissue
with coronary vessels,
nerves & ganglia
3. Pericardium parietal:
mesothelium & conn.
tissue
Space between pericardium
contain serous liquid for
lubricating
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BLOOD
BLOOD VESSELS
VESSELS
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BLOOD
BLOOD VESSELS
VESSELS
2. Tunica Media:
Equivalent to myocardium
Most variable layer in size &
structure
Contain variable amount of
smooth muscle & elastic
tissue depend on blood
vessel function
3. Tunica Adventitia:
Correspond to epicardium
lack mesothelial cells
Varies in thicknes
Mostly composed of
fibroblast, type I collagen
fiber & elastic fiber
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MEAN PRESSURE
LARGE ARTERIES
LARGE
SMALL ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES
CAPILLARIES
VENULES &VEINS
LARGE
SMALL
INSIDE DIAMETER
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Membrana Elastica :
Interna :
Separating T. Intima
& T. Media
Composed of
perforated elastin
tissue
Function: permits
diffusion of
substances
Eksterna :
Separating T. Media
& T. Adventitia
More delicate than
interna
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VASA VASORUM
Vasa Vasorum :
Found in large vessels
Small arteries branching to
serve nutrition to cells in t.
media & t. adventitia
More prevalent in veins than
arteries coz venous blood
contain less oxygen & nutients
than arterial blood
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Sinusoidal capillaries
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ARTERIE
ARTERIE
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A.
A. ELASTIC
ELASTIC ARTERIE
ARTERIE
Tunika Intima
Tunica Media
Thickest layer from 2 other tunica
40-70 layer of elastic membran
Smooth muscle (+)
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Tunica Adventitia
T. Adventitia :
Tunica Intima
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Tunica Intima
Small A
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Tunica Media
Smooth muscle layer:
Muscular A. : thick up to 40 layers
Small A. thin
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Tunica Adventit
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Tunica Adventitia
Small A.
Thin T. Adventitia
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C. ARTERIOLE
Generally diameter < 0,5 mm & narrow lumen
T. Intima :
Sub endothelial layer very thin
M. Elastica Interna (-)
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Metaarteriole :
Branching of arteriole into capillaries 2
Constriction help in regulate blood flow in
capillaries 1, 2
Discontinue smooth muscle 1
Smooth muscle as pre capillary sphincter
control blood flow into capillary bed 3
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Carotid body:
Chemoreceptor in bifurcation of common A.
Composed of small pale staining cells in conn.
Tissue 2 type : glomus (type I) cells & sheath
(type II) cells
Glomus cells : large nucleus, dense cored vesicles,
cell process contact with other glomus cell &
capillary endothelial cell
Sheath cells : more long & complex process,
irregular nuclei
Questions?
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V
VE
E II N
N
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VEIN
VEIN
Vein wall thinner than arterie coz
muscular layer & elastin layer not
as well develop as arteries
Vein Colaps with irregular lumen2,3
Same 3 layer as arteries
Classification: 1, 2
A. Large Vein
B. Medium & small veins
C. Venule
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A. LARGE VEINS
Similar to medium vein
Endotelium
Subendotel layer thin
T
h
t. m i n
S edia most
lar
mo
ge
oth
vei
mu
nw
scle
ith
out
&c
onn
. ti s
sue
Tunica Adventitia
Thickest and well develop
Smooth muscle & conn. Tissue with
colagen & elastin fiber
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VALVE
2 sem
ilunar fol
d of T. in
Com
tima p
posed of
roject to l
conn. tiss
Num
umen
ue & line
erous in l
d by endo
imb
thelium
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C. VENULE
T. Intima : 1, 2
Thin & continue endothelium
Thin basal lamina with
pericytes
T. Media : 3
Sparse conn. Tissue & few
smooth muscle cell
T. adventitia :(1, 2)
Thin
Colagen & fibroblast
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CAPILLARIES
CAPILLARIES
Smallest blood vessel 1, 3
General structure : 2, 3
T. Intima single layer
of endothelium
Pericytes located along
outside contractile
function
Classification:1, 2
A. Continue/somatic
capillaries
B. Fenestrated/perforate
d capillaries
C. Sinusoid
Slow blood flow (0,3
mm/detik, aorta = 320
mm/detik
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A. CONTINUE CAPILLARY
Found in Conn. Tissue, muscle,
CNS 1, 2
Endothelium continue fasciae
occludentes 3 prevent passage
many molecules
Form Blood Brain Barrier
permeable only to certain
substances
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B. FENESTRATED CAPILLARY
Similar to continue but have
pores1, 3
Found in : kidney, intestine,
endocrine gland
Fenestrae :
Covered with a pore diaphragm1
Pore diaphragm not found in
glomerulus1
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C. SINUSOID
Structure : 1, 2, 3
Tortouos path, greatly enlarged diameter
slows the circulation of blood
Endothelium cells form discontinue layer
Discontinue basal lamina
Many fenestrae lack with diaphragm
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ARTERIOLE,
ARTERIOLE, VENULE
VENULE &
& CAPILLARIE
CAPILLARIE
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LYMPH
LYMPH VASCULAR
VASCULAR SYSTEM
SYSTEM
Return extracellular liquid
to bloodstream1, 2 One
direction
Present in throughout body
except CNS & other few
area
Blind end lymphatic
capillarieslymphatic
vessel lymphatic ducts 1,
2, 3
A. Lymphatic capillaries :
single layer of attenuated
endothelial cells with
incomplete basal lamina
blind end
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B. Lymphatic vessel :
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C. 2 Lymphatic ducts :
Consist of : 1, 2
Ductus Thoracicus
Ductus Limphaticus Dexter
Similar to large veins 1, 2
Vasa vasorum & rich in vascular network 1
Walls : 2
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REFERENCES :
1.
2.
3.
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QUIZ
QUIZ
Intercalated Disc
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1.Small Arteri. C
2.Large Arteri. A
A
B
C
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B
A
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