CATHODE RAY

OSCILLOSCOPE
SUBMITTED BY :
SHUBHAM SHARMA
SUNDAR SINGH
VIJENDRA SINGH
RAJKUMAR
NARENDRA KUMAR.

TOPICS COVERED
Introduction to CRO
Block diagram of CRO
Detailed description of CRT
Multi Input Oscilloscope
Lissajous Patterns
Types of Oscilloscope
and its application

HOW A CRO LOOKS LIKE

INTRODUCTION TO CRO
Versatile electronic instrument giving visual
display of signals
Used for measurement of frequency ,
amplitude, phase etc.
Also used in determining the nature and
characteristics of various components.
Has a high bandwidth range thus making it a
sensitive and accurate device.
Easier to use as the internal routine act as a
guide to the user.

BASIC DIAGRAM

ANOTHER SCOOP.

WORKING OF A CRO

CATHODE RAY
TUBE

The main parts of

Cathode Ray Tube are:
Electron Gun Assembly
Focusing Anodes
Deflection Plates
Assembly
Screen for CRT

le
ct
ro
n
G
un

Anodes

eflection Plates

Fluorescent Screen

Multi-Input Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope can have multiple input and
display facilities.

The most common one is of TWO INPUTS

.

Although FOUR and EIGHT inputs

are available for special
applications

There are primary two types of

multi-input oscilloscope :Single Beam Oscilloscope
Dual Beam Oscilloscope
Both of them can be converted into a
further
Number of traces.

Dual Trace Oscilloscopes

Dual Trace Oscilloscopes

In this oscilloscope two
separate vertical input channels
are used.
There are two common
operating modes for the Electronic
Switch, called
Alternate and Chop which can be
selected from the instruments
front panel.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Dual Beam Oscilloscope

The Dual Beam Oscilloscope has two
separate electron beams , and
therefore two completely separate
vertical
channels.

There are two methods used for

generating the two electron
beams within the CRT.
The first method is :-

Double gun tube

Split Beam

Multiple input CRO works in

following two modes
alternate mode
chopped mode

Alternate mode
In alternate mode the an
electronic switch alternates
between sig A & B.

Waveform in alternate
mode

Chopped mode
In the chopped mode the
switch free runs at very high
frequency.

Waveform of Chopped Mode

Lissajous Pattern
When two sinusoidal voltage
signals of equal frequency
having some phase difference
are applied to the deflection
plates of CRO, a straight line or
an ellipse appears on the
screen these figures are called
Lissajous figures or Lissajous
curves or pattern.

Some examples of lissajous

figures..

With the help of lissajous

figures we can measure.
Frequency
Phase

Frequency
Measurement
Fx/Fy = Hp/Vp
Fx = Unknown frequency
Fy = Known frequency
Hp = Points on horizontal
tangencies
Vp = Points on vertical tangencies

Phase
Measurement
sin

=
c/b

Digital Storage
Oscilloscope

B
L
O
C

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DSO

Advantage Of DSO
Stores waveform for infinite time
Digitize waveform can be processed in
any way
Writing speed is more
Processing of signal is easy

Analog Storage Oscilloscope

Briefings
Trace storage is an extra feature
They used direct-view storage
CRTs
The storage is accomplished
using the principle
of
secondary emission

Difference between ASO &

DSO

DSO

ASO

Data can be
stored to infinite
time

Data can be
stored for finite
time

Image quality is
good

Image quality is
not poor

Writing speed is
high

Writing speed is
poor

Processing of