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LEVEL LEARNER
Icon Used
Hands on Exercise
Coding
Standards
2
Referenc
e
Lend A
Hand
Question
s
Summar
y
Points To
Ponder
Test Your
Understanding
Overview
Objective
Through this session, you will understand the
operating system components and concepts that a
developer needs to know to work with it. The key
concepts discussed are :
Introduction to OS
Functions of OS
Operating System Utilities
Overview of UNIX, Windows 7
and z/OS and comparison
Windows
i OS
MAC
LINUX
Windows Phone8
UNIX
Windows 7
z/OS
Identify the Desktop and Mobile OS in the earlier given
examples
Layers of an OS
A programmer interacts with the Operating System and
its Utilities.
END USER
PROGRAMMER
OS DESIGNER
APPS
UTILITIES
OPERATING SYSTEM
COMPUTER HARDWARE
Structure of an OS
The three main components in the Structure of an
OS are:
Kernel
It is the central core of the Operating System (OS), providing
CPU Scheduling, Process management, Memory
management
and communication between hardware and software
components.
Shell
It is a program, which interprets the command you type. On
validating the command you type, it directs the kernel to
carry out the request or throw an invalid error message
Structure of an OS
Command Processor
It is an interface between the user and OS classified as
CLI - Command Line Interpreter is a standard set of
commands used for OS operations.
GUI - Graphical user Interface is an environment that
works with graphical objects. The user selects a picture
or icons available to perform a task, instead of keying
in the commands
Multiuser OS
It allows multiple users to share computers resources at the
same time
Examples are UNIX, z/OS, Windows XP
The other types of OS include
10
Functions of an OS
Having discussed about the layers, structure and types
of an OS, lets move on to the functions of an operating
system, through which the Users and programmers
are benefited
Introduction to OS
Layers of OS
Structure of OS
Types of OS
Functions of an OS
Operating System Utilities
Overview of UNIX, Windows 7 and z/OS and
comparison
11
Functions of an OS
What happens when a program is executed in an
application?
12
Functions of an OS
The key function of an OS is to provide an environment
where the users can conveniently run their programs.
Process Management
Manage user and system processes through Process control
Blocks (PCB)
Process synchronization mechanism
Inter process communication mechanism
Deadlock handling mechanism
Memory Management
Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed
Keeps track of memory usage
Decides which process to load into memory
File Management
Supports file manipulations like creation, deletion
Mapping of files to secondary storage
Back up of files
13
Functions of an OS
I/O System Management
Manage I/O devices to be accessed by users in uniform, secure
manner
Optimize the performance of the I/O system
Networking
Manage communication among processors through routing,
security and contention
Protection
Controls the access of programs, processes, or users to the
resources defined
14
Lend a Hand
15
Usage by a Programmer
Editors
File Attributes
Error Handling
Performance monitors
Monitor system and
List few other OS Utility programs ensuring Secure
application performance
System access
How does an utility differ from application?
16
Lend a Hand
Logon to the Operating Systems and try few of the basic
utilities
Logon to UNIX
Note: Follow the instructions provided in the Unix Logon
Instructions document
UNIX
Kernel
Monolithic Kernel
Type
Multi-user, Multitasking
Multi-user, Multitasking
Default User
Interface
CLI, Graphical(X)
Graphical
(Windows Shell)
ISPF
User Login
Users log in to
systems using
unique user ID.
Multiple users can
switch between
accounts in a
single
environment.
Users log on to
the system
through TSO and
its panel-driven
interface, ISPF. A
user ID is limited
to having only
one TSO logon
session active at
a time.
18
WINDOWS 7
z/OS
Questions
19
OS?
Keywords
21
Summary
An operating system (OS) is a
system software that managers
hardware and software resources
of a computer and serves as an
interface between hardware and
applications.
The structure of an OS contains
Kernel, Shell and Command
Processor
The types of OS used in
application development are
Single user-multitasking and
multiuser OS
The major functions of an OS are
22 Process, Memory, I/O and File
References
http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~
csonline/OS/Lessons/Introduction/index.html
http://physinfo.ulb.ac.be/cit_courseware/opsys/os01.ht
m
http://homepage.smc.edu/morgan_david/cs40/slides/ch
02-software-overview.pdf
http://
easy2teach.net/operating-system/structure-of-operati
ng-system
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~palsetia/cit595s08/Lectures
08/os1.pdf
23
Operating System
Change Log
25
Version
Number
Changes made
V1.0
Initial Version
V1.1
Slide No.
Changed By
Effective
Date
Changes
Effected