Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
Project work is an indispensable part to study for a student of textile
Engineering department. The enable we to avoid the gap between
theories taught us just in the class room and it is applicable in the
practices every year the students of the university are assigned with a
particular project work. This is very important in the sense that it is the
assignment that a student or group students has to comply by
themselves prior to their job life in any industry. This work may be of any
type as production survey the mill data or may be analysis of the Textile
or Garments. This really increases level of confidence of the student and
also increases their knowledge about their field.
WORK STUDY
Work study is a collection of techniques used to examine work-what is doneso that there is systematic analysis of all the elements, factors, recourses and
relationships affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the work being
studied.
Work study is the investigation of work done in an organization in a systematic
process in order attain best possible use of men, materials and machines
available at present.
The slogan of work study is work smart, not work hard
WORK STUDY
Objectives of work study
Accordance British Standards Institution approved definition B.S 3138:1959work study is the systematic
study of an operation or process to ensure the best possible use of the human and material resources
available. The prime aim is to improve productivity
-To standardize the method of doing a task.
-To determine the standard time for doing a task.
-To minimize the materials movements, operators movement, idle time of the workers and machine by
proper plan layout
-To eliminate the unnecessary human motions in performing a task.
-To utilize the facilities such as men, machine or materials most efficiently and effectively.
-To establish the standard of performance.
LINE BALANCING
Line balancing means allocation of m/c or work to individual work. According to the working sheet the step
wise setting of m/c and work and individualization of the whole worker into some necessary parts to the
worker is called line balancing.
In garments industry, line balancing is the process of-Selecting an effective sewing line
-With competent machines regarding to worker
-To produce a specific order
-A certain time deadline
we used line balancing technique to achieve:
1. The minimization of the number of workstations
2. The minimization of cycle time
3.The maximization of workload smoothness
4. The maximization of work relatedness.
LINE BALANCING
Objectives of Line Balancing
Aim of this program is to get manufacturing and design to work together on the core objective i.e. Profit.
The designers have to start thinking the best possible ways of creating a design which will suit the
manufacturing in the most profitable way while the garment techs or sample makers will think of the most
efficient way of construction. Sewing supervisors and Industrial Engineers will learn how to look at the
way operators are working and how to improve sewing methods and to set standard times for the various
operations that go together to make the garment. They will also be able to provide management with
more information to allow management to make better informed decisions and manage more effectively
resulting in:-Higher productivity
-Increased profitability
-Reduction in work content
-Simplified work process
-Greater awareness of equipment
-Better understanding of how folders and special attachments can influence
-productivity
-Production information and documentation to management
This project means work study and line balancing presents a lot of problems and remedies occurred in
garments production. We are trying to give an idea about the possible problems and remedies related
to the garments production.
Design/Sketch
Spreading
Basic block
Production pattern
Working pattern
Working pattern
Basic pat Pattern development
Spreading
Basic block
Marking
Production pattern
Spreading
Cutting
Design/Sketch
Lock stitch
1500-5500
DB*1
9,11,14,16,18,21
2.5 inches
Chain stitch
Pegasus
7,9,11
2600
China
Lock stitch
Pegasus
7,9,11
800-4000
China
Bartak m/c:
Group
S.P.M
Needle name
Needle size
Function
Lock stitch
3000-3200
DP *5
9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 21. Per bar tack 8 inches
Bar tacking.
Chain stitch
1800-6500
UV*5/TV*7
9,11,14,16,18,21
4 inches
Overlok m/c
Group
Brand Name
Needle Type
Origin
Model
3914,TO-42
Chain stitch
Juki
DC*1,DC*11,DC*14
Japan
MO-
Result:
Total time required to making garments is 9:28 if single machine is used. But double
machine is used in (operation, 18, 21, 25, 28, 31) so that time Reduce 60 second.
Actual Total time required to making a garments= 8:28 minutes (basic time)
Method Study
Latter on the scope motion study was enlarged and it was named Method Study
The British standard Glossary(BSG)defines method study as
systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work as
means of developing and applying easier and more effective method and thereby reducing cost
Motion Study
Motion study is a technique of analyzing the body motion employed in doing a task in order to
eliminate or reduce ineffective movement and facilitates effective movement.
time Study
Time study is defined as a work measurement techniques for recording the time and rate of working for
the elements of a specific job, carried out under specific condition and for analyzing the data so as to
obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level of performance.
Observed time
Observed time comes from a direct observation by an observer that an operator takes to complete
his/her relevant operation or elements.
Performance Rating
Performance rating factor
Observed rating
Standard rating
time Study
Standard Rating
The place at which a qualified worker perform a task(standard rating 100)
Standard performance
Standard Performance is the optimum rate of output that can be achieved by a qualified worker
as an average for the working day or shift, due allowance being made for the necessary time
required for rest
Normal Time
It is the time that a normal operator would be expected to complete a job without the
consideration of allowances. In British Standard it is called basic time .
Normal Time=Average observed time*performance rating factor
Standard Time
Standard time is the time required for an average operator, fully qualified and trained, and working
at standard pace, to perform the operation.
Standard time = Normal time +Allowance
= Normal time +(Normal time*Allowance)
= NT(1+Allowance)
time Study
SMV is the time taken by a qualified worker to perform a specified task in a defined level of
performance.
SMV calculation
SMV calculation of a basic T-shirt from a time study sheet of a garments industry. Following formulas are useNormal time =Average observed time *performance rating factor
SMV =Basic time +(Allowance *Basic time)
Target calculation
Capacity
Target
60
Average of the observed time
of Allowance
Efficiency Calculation
Overall Efficiency
On standard Efficiency
Conclusion
This study has identified the most pressing needs. Yet as already noted with sufficient
interest, effort, and resources applied to basic production techniques and managerial
disciplines, factories have great potential to increase productivity. Improvements in
productivity of 20-25 % can be achieved with the right attitude and climate. A
systematic program to introduce modern management concepts, including industrial
engineering, production engineering, systems and controls is therefore of the highest
priority. Training and professional development to implement such a program are
needed.
So we take work study department and work this department very hard. It is
completely a new experience in our life, which will be very effective in my service
life. During our training period we realized that practical experience is valuable for
service life.