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ENGLISH PHONETICS

AND PHONOLOGY
Th. Cicik Sophia B

What

is language? When did we


know a language? What did we
produce?
When did we know English? How
did we know English

We

know a language by
producing the sounds.
We know English by .
Language is a system of
communication by written or
spoken words, which is used by
the people of a particular country
or area (Longman Dictionary).

CHAPTER 1
PHONOLOGY & PHONETICS

PHONOLOGY vs. PHONETICS


. Linguistics is the scientific study of
human language.
. The concern are on the theoretical
linguistics namely; syntax,
phonology, morphology, and
semantics.
. Phonology covers the field of
sentence utterances.
. Syntax is about sentence formation.
A.

Morphology

is about word structure.


Semantics is about sentence interpretation.
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds as
sounds which produced by the organ speech.
Phonology is the study of sound system of
language.
Phonology describes how the particular
sounds used in each language form an
integrated system for encoding information
within the human being and how such
systems differ from one language to another.

The difference between


Phonetics and Phonology
phonetics
Is the basis for phonological
analysis.
Analyzes the production of all
human speech sounds, regardless
of language

concerned with how sounds

phonology
Is the basis for further work in
morphology, syntax, discourse, and
orthography design
Analyzes the sound patterns of a
particular
language by

determining which phonetic


sounds are significant, and

explaining how these sounds are


interpreted by the native speaker
concerned with how sounds

are produced, transmitted and

function in relation to each other in

perceived (We will only look

a language.

at the production of sound).


about sounds of language.
A descriptive tool necessary to

about sound systems of language.

the study of the phonological


aspects of a language.
Studied of the physical
properties of speech

Studied of sounds in the speakers


mind to distinguish meaning.

B. REASONS FOR STUDYING


Phonetics and phonology are worth studying for
several reasons:
a. As all study of language, the study of phonology
gives us insight into how the human mind
works.
b. The study of phonetics of a foreign language
gives us a much better ability both to hear and
to correct mistakes that we make.
c. As a foreign language, we need to learn (in
this case English) a proper pronunciation to be
produced in order to make good interpretation
and interaction with others.

Pronunciation Problems
A.

Speaking is a matter of Habit

Kinds of learning problem:


Difficulties having of; a) the new
sounds system, b) the new
vocabulary items, c) the
unfamiliar ways of arranging the
foreign words into sentences

B. Reasons for Pronunciation Problems


a) the different elements found
between the learners language and
the target language they learn
b) the sounds that the learners never
train to produce or move to produce
(the speech organ will be unfamiliar
to produce. ex: pleasure, with, then,
,
c) the sounds which have the same
phonetics features but different from
their producing /b//d/g/ /p//t//k/
ex: /abad/ /bed/

LETTER vs. SOUND

Phonetics

and Phonology both


deal with sounds.
English spelling and English
pronunciation are two very
different things.

A.

Symbols for Vowel Sounds


as in pit /pIt/
e or as in pet /pet/ or /pt/
as in pat /pt/
as in putt /pt/
or as in pot /pt/ or /pt/
U as in put /pUt/
as in about /baUt/

i: as in key /ki:/
: as in car /k:/
: as in core /k:/
u: as in coo /ku:/
: or : as in cur /k:/ or /k:/

B. Diphthongs Sounds
eI as in bay /beI/
aI as in buy /baI/
I as in boy /bI/
I as in peer /pI/
e as in pear /pe/
u as in poor /pu/
u as in go /gu/
au as in cow /kau/
as in yours /jz/

C. Consonant Sounds
p as in pea /pi:/ b as in bee /bi:/
t as in toe /tu/d as in doe /du/
k
f

as in cap /kp/
as in fat /ft/ v
as in thing /I/
as in sip /sIp/

g as in gap /gp/
as in vat /vt/
as in this /Is/
z as in zip /zIp/

as in ship /Ip/ as in rouge /ru:/


h as in hat /ht/
m as in map /mp/
l as in led /led/
n as in nap /np/
r as in red /red/
as in hang /h/
j as in yet /jet/
w as in wet /wet/
as in chin /In/ as in gin /In/

PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIONS vs. ORTHOGRAPHIC WRITING

Before we are going further into this sub-topic,


youd better do the exercises below.
Write the words!
/prepreIn/ = ________________________
/ tl/ = _______________________
/:tm/ = ________________________
/vkjm/ = _______________________
/wI InvaIt j/ = ______________________
/let m km/ = _______________________
/hI slept sandlI/ = _______________________
/aI m frm lndn/ = _______________________

Ones

which in slashes are named


phonetic transcriptions,
while ones which written using
alphabetic letters are called
orthographic writing.
Phonetic transcriptions or
phonetic writing is representing
speech sounds to show clearly
and consistently the
pronunciation of a given word

Remember

this principle of
phonetic writing; one phonetic
symbol represents one sound
only, and never any other.
Examples:
/fa:/ has 4 phonetic symbols
/pl/ has 3 phonetic symbols
/neIm/has 3 phonetic symbols.
Why? Because /eI/ is diphthong.

Most

language, including English and


Indonesian, use alphabetic writing to
represent their speech sounds. It is the
most popular and well-established way
of representing speech sounds.
Orthographic writing (or commonly
named conventional way) is the way to
represent speech sounds of every day
speaking in order to communicate
using alphabetic letters.

Examples:
Father

has 6 alphabetic letters


Pull has 4 alphabetic letters
Name has 4 alphabetic letters

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