MANOMETERS

UNIT -I

MANOMETER
Manometer are defined as the device used for
measuring the pressure at a point in a fluid by
balancing the column of fluid by the same or
another column of fluid.

Types of manometer
Simple manometer
i) Piezometer
ii) u-tube manometer.
Differential manometer
i) u-tube differential manometer
ii) inverted u-tube differential manomter.

Piezometer
A

piezometer is either a
device used to measure static
liquid pressure in a system by
measuring the height to
which a column of the liquid
rises against gravity, or a
device which measures the
pressure (more precisely, the
piezometric head)
of
groundwater at a specific
point.

U-tube manometer (for gauge

pressure)
Pressure in left limb
= p1+1gh1
Pressure in the right limb
=2gh2
p1+1gh1=2gh2

U-tube manometer( for vacuum

pressure )
Pressure in left limb
= p1+1gh1+2gh2
Pressure in the right
limb
=0

p1+1gh1+2gh2 =0

Single column manometer

Pressure in left limb

= pa+1g(h1+h)
Pressure in the right limb
=2g (h +h2)
pa+1g(h1+h)=2g (h +h2)
Pa = h (2g - 1g) + h2 2g -h1 1g
a x h2
(2g - 1g) +h2 2g -h1 1g

a
= h2 2g -h1 1g

Inclined single column manometer

Differential manometer
A differential manometer is used to
measure the difference in pressure at
two points.
The two points may either located in the
same pipe or vessel, or in different
pipes containing same fluid or different
fluids.

U-tube diffrential manometer

Continue

Continue

Inverted u-tube diffrential

manometer

Problem1
A Simple U-tube manometer containing
mercury is connected to a pipe in which a
fluid of specific gravity 0.8 and having
vacuum pressure is flowing. The other end
of the manometer is open to atmosphere.
Find the vacuum pressure in pipe if the
difference of level of mercury in the two
limbs is 40cm and the height of fluid in the
left from the centre of pipe is 15cm below

Problem 2
A U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure of
water in a pipe line, which is in excess of atmospheric
pressure. The right limb of the manometer contains
mercury and is open to atmosphere. The contact
between water and mercury is in the left limb. Determine
the pressure of water in the main line, if the difference in
level of mercury in the limb of u-tube is 10 cm and the
free surface of mercury is in level with the centre of the
pipe. If the pressure of water in pipe line is reduced to
9810N/m2.Calculate the new difference in the level of
mercury sketch the arrangement in both the cases.

Problem 3
A single column manometer is
connected to a pipe containing
a liquid of specific gravity 0.9
as shown in Fig1. Find the
pressure in the pipe if the area
of the reservoir is 100 times
the area of the tube for the
manometer reading as shown
in fig. The specific gravity of
mercury is 13.6.