Professional Documents
Culture Documents
To
Seminar
8.71
Major Guide:
Dr. M. V. RAMDEVPUTRA
Principal of Polytechnic in agri.
J. A. U, Dhari.
Minor Guide:
Dr. M. S. SOLANKI
Associate Research Scientist,
Dept. of Agril. Chem. & Soil Sci.
J.A.U., Junagadh.
Contents:
Introduction
Causes of unfruitfulness
-External factors
-Internal factors
Remedial measures
Conclusion
Future thrust
Introduction
Introduction
Unfruitfulness is a major problem in many fruit crops and
their varieties result in a huge loss to growers and make fruit
cultivation less profitable.
Unfruitfulness is the condition of inability to bear the normal
crop.
The conditions under which fruit trees do not set fruit to a
desired extent are known as unfruitfulness.
Unfruitfulness is a important cause of low production of fruit
crops.
4
Causes of unfruitfulness
Unfruitfulness can be due to lack of balance between
vegetative growth and fruiting, lack of flowering and
poor fruit set, which is a result of the unfavorable
environment. It can also be due to heavy cropping,
leading to inhibition of fruit bud production and poor
crop in the following year.
The causes of unfruitfulness can be broadly grouped
into two categories:
( I ) External factors
( II ) Internal factors
5
External factors:
1. Environmental condition:
Temperature: High temperature coupled with the relative
humidity and strong wind may cause drying up of stigma and
stigmatic fluid resulting considerable blossom drop eg.
Sapota in summer season.
Rainfall: Rain at the time of flowering washes away pollens
and inhibit pollinators and cause spread of diseases and pest .
Wind: wind affects the pollinating agents and also make
stigma dry
6
Climate
Climatechange
change
Specific chilling requirements of pome and stone
fruits will be affected hence dormancy breaking will
be earlier.
Delay in monsoon, dry spells of rains, and
untimely rains during water stress period, during
flowering and fruit set , are some of the most
commonly encountered climatic conditions
Frost
Frostdamage
damageon
onapple
appleflowers
flowers
10
11
Internal factors
1. Evolutionary tendencies
2. Genetic influence
3. Physiological factors
13
Evolutionary tendencies
Imperfect flower
Monoecious and Dioecious nature of plant
Monoecious situation
eg. Aonla, walnut, pecan nut, cashewnut, chestnut.
Dioecious situation
eg. Papaya, date palm, kiwifruit, kokum, grape
(muscadine) etc.
14
Inflorescence of Aonla
Heterostyly situation:
eg. Pomegranate (cv. Ganesh-1, Kandhari), sapota,
litchi, almond, carambola, cashew, walnut etc.
Dichogamy:
1. Protoandry - Annona (A. muricata), date
palm, coconut
2. Protogyny - Sapota, fig, pomegranate, plum,
banana, annona spp.,
PDSD dichogamy found in Avocado.
Non viable pollen grains favor unfruitfulness
eg. mango, muscadine grape.
16
Thrum flower
17
Pin flower
18
Pollen sterility
eg. - Raspberry and some varieties of apple.
Production of abortive flower buds
eg. - Strawberry.
Pollen abortion eg. Citrus limetoides
Defective pollens ranges 2-10% in mango
which favor unfruitfulness.
19
20
Geneticinfluences
influences
Genetic
Unfruitfulness due to sterile hybrids :
Degree of sterility is more with the wider crossing.
Hybrids of muscadine grape and various species of
Euvitis such as Vitis labrusca and Vitis vinifera
often produce infertile pollens.
examples :
Incompatibility
Incompatibility
1. Self incompatibility:
a. Sporophytic: Mango, Aonla, Cocoa
b. Gametophytic: Ber, Loquat, Apple, Pear, Apricot,
Almond, Cherry.
2. Cross incompatibility: In Mango, Apple, Pear,
Cherry and Plum etc.
22
Physiological
Physiologicalcauses
causes
Poor pollen germination: In case of mango
pistil flower lose their ability of pollen
germination and tube growth within a period
of 12 hours after becoming receptive. due
to high temperature
Poor pollen tube growth in pear and
mandarin.
23
Nutritive condition of
Plant.
Imbalance of C:N ratio.
Fruit setting of flower
in different position.
24
Management
Managementofofunfruitfulness
unfruitfulness
Cultural practices
Proper nutrition
(INM)
Control of
pollination
Use of suitable
root stock
Use of PGRs
Crop regulation
Cultural
Practices
1. Cultural practices
Practices
Examples
Notching
Fig
Shoot bending
Guava
Root pruning
Smudging
Mango
27
Girdling
What is Girdling?
It is consist of removing a narrow ring of bark entirely
around the trunk/arm or cane.
The immediate effect of a complete
girdle is to interrupt the supply of CHO
& hormones so that their level increases
in the parts above the girdle.
28
Girdling
in
Grape
Girdling in Grape
Girdled
Trunk
29
Table 1: Effect of girdling on berry set, berry drop and panicle drying in
Thompson Seedless grapes.
Treatments
No. of
No. of berries Berry
buds /
set/panicle
set (%)
panicle
Trunk girdling
921
Arm girdling
677
Cane girdling
34.31
276
12.6
219
32.34
194
11.4
693
218
31.45
195
10.5
Control
612
71
11.60
49
30.9
C.D. at 5%
1.66
0.81
2.14
0.33
0.72
Hissar , Haryana.
316
30
Table 2: Effect of girdling on fruit set, fruit drop, physical and quality characters
of litchi cv. China.
Treatment
Fruit Set %
Fruit drop %
Non Girdling
35.10
84.89
Girdling
37.52
82.24
C. D. at 5%
0.50
0.86
Note : Girdling done after completion of fruit set by removing the bark of 0.4 cm
width near the basal portion of shoot
Sabour, Bihar
31
PRUNING
Objectives of pruning:
1. To remove surplus branches.
2. To open the trees so that the fruits will colour more
satisfactorily.
3. To remove the dead and diseased limbs.
4. To remove the water sprouts.
5. To regulated production of floral bud.
6. To control flowering and fruiting.
33
T-1
46.62
208.20
T-2
58.40
210.15
T-3
44.78
204.40
T-4 (Control)
36.14
152.25
S.Em.
1.05
8.33
CD at 5 %
3.16
25.30
Treatments
T-1
T-2
T-3
CISH, Lucknow
34
No. of fruiting
nodes/ shoot
No. of fruits /
node
18.51
18.51
6.81
P2 (30 cm)
19.77
19.77
7.66
P3 (60 cm)
23.21
12.21
8.20
P4 (90 cm)
29.26
29.29
9.18
S.Em.
0.12
0.21
0.13
CD at 5%
0.36
0.67
0.41
Treatments
P1 (ground level)
Note: Four levels of pruning P1 at ground level, P2- 30cm, P3- 60cm and P4 90 cm height
from ground levels
Allahabad
35
Time of Pruning
Total no. of
fruits/ plant
15 Nov.
64
262
15 Dec.
59
250
15 Jan.
51
228
15 Feb.
44
220
C.D. at 5%
4.2
5.5
36
Table 6: Effect of pruning on yield of fruit per plant and yield per hectare of
guava cv. Allahabad safeda
Treatment
P1 Unprunned
No. of Fruits/
Tree
407
490
P3 Medium pruning
(40 cm)
430
CD at 5%
JAU, Junagadh
11.3
37
Fruit yield
(kg/plant)
60.18
16.54
64.30
17.66
56.16
15.44
2.87
4.39
Anonymous (2013)
Table 7: Effect
Sr. No.
Pruning
intensity
(cm)
No. of Fruits/
Tree
RS
WS
RS
WS
RS
WS
62.5
59.8
360
480
46.4
62.2
15
64.0
61.2
430
496
72.2
82.3
3
4
5
30
45
CD at 5%
64.9
65.6
NS
70.1
71.6
3.9
296
270
14.7
430
403
11.3
49.6
45.2
5.5
74.1
69.0
4.7
PAU, Bathinada
38
Bending in Guava
Off season
Control
130.00
50.25
Shoot bending
246.86
67.33
186.92
53.33
50 % fruit thinning
211.83
48.50
75 % fruit thinning
183.50
30.33
164.08
28.33
LSD (0.05)
12.24
16.42
BANGLADESH
40
UNFRUITFULNESS
MANAGEMENT
THROUGH CONTROL
OF POLLINATION
Pollinizer
Pollinizervarieties
varieties
Apple Golden
Goldendelicious,
delicious,Red
Redgold
gold
Apple
Apricot Turkey
Turkey
Apricot
Loquat California
CaliforniaAdvance
Advance
Loquat
Plum Beauty,
Beauty,Santarosa,
Santarosa,Mariposa
Mariposa
Plum
Fig Samson,
Samson,Stanford,
Stanford,Brawley
Brawley
Fig
43
Pollinizer
Pollinizermanagement
management
In commercial apple and loquat plantings, a row of pollinizer trees is often
planted between every four rows of the main variety of trees (11-33%)
If pollinizers are placed within the row, every fifth semi dwarf tree is a
pollinizer.
In high-density plantings of dwarf trees (5 to 6 feet between trees within the
row), apple or crab apple pollinizers may be planted between eight to ten
trees of another variety in the row.
44
Table 9: Percentage of fruit set in loquat varieties, improved golden yellow and
Pale yellow by using different pollinizers
Male
Thames
Pride
California
Advance
Fire
Ball
Large
Agra
Large
Round
Tanaka
Golden
Yellow
Female
Improved
golden
yellow
Pale
yellow
41.46
56.0
43.3
46.6
35.0
50.0
25.0
43.3
50.0
41.6
53.3
45.0
46.6
40.0
1.94
1.27
1.47
2.87
1.23
0.36
CD at 5%
1.56
CITH, Srinagar
47
UNFRUITFULNESS
MANAGEMENT THROUGH
USE OF GROWTH
REGULATORS AND
GROWTH RETARDANTS
Response
Fruit Crop
Time of
application
Apple
March -April
Pineapple, Sapota,
Ber
Mango, Ber
Paclobutrazol
(Cultar) 5 -10 g
Checking alternate
bearing
Aug.- Sept.
Cycocel (CCC)
500- 2000 ppm
Grape
Enlargement of berry
length
Grape
50
Response
Reference
Litchi
TIBA, KNO3
Sanyal et al.(1996)
Cultar (Paclobutrazol)
Increase yield
Pant (2004)
William et al.(1980
Jackson (2003)
Apple
51
Table 10: Effect of Paclobutrazol and time of application on fruit set and fruit
yield of fruit of Rose scented litchi
Treatment
Fruit set
(%)
Fruit Yield
(Kg/tree)
D1
44.40
46.40
D2
50.26
52.06
CD (0.05%)
1.25
0.84
T1
44.25
46.11
T2
50.28
50.13
Control
37.49
42.61
CD at 5%
1.76
0.91
Dose of Cultar
Time of application
D1 -3ml/tree, D2 -5ml/tree T1 -60 day before bud break, T2 -90 day before bud break.
Pantnagar
52
Yield
Treatment
Fruit
Number/Plant
kg/plant
kg/ha
T1-Control
45.00
8.14
7540.73
T2-NAA-40ppm
62.44
16.45
15232.70
T3-NAA-50ppm
60.11
15.06
13942.47
T4-NAA-600ppm
50.55
11.90
11022.49
T5-GA3-40ppm
50.44
11.25
10417.50
T6-GA3-50ppm
47.33
9.91
9173.57
T7-GA3-60ppm
50.66
11.23
10395.89
C.D at 5%
8.51
2.37
2198.68
53
Vidya et al .(2015)
54
Alphonso
Kesar
Rajapuri
Alphonso
Kesar
Rajapuri
11.74
11.17
11.33
1.07
0.87
1.04
11.44
10.81
10.93
0.99
0.75
0.92
11.26
10.52
10.54
0.91
0.67
0.82
10.35
9.53
9.77
0.67
0.44
0.49
10.26
9.18
9.82
0.49
0.31
0.43
8.11
6.30
8.56
0.16
0.07
0.17
S. Em
0.32
0.33
0.28
0.04
0.03
0.06
CD at 5 %
0.91
0.93
0.80
0.11
0.08
0.23
T
T
T
T
T
T
55
TANDEL AND PATEL
(2011)
55
Fruit set
(%)
Fruit
retention
(%)
Fruit yield
per plant
(kg)
1-PBZ 500ppm
23.41
35.13
3.11
42.00
2-PBZ
1000ppm
21.34
43.41
3.31
52.14
2000ppm
23.98
33.11
3.49
52.50
4-PBZ
5g
35.18
56.17
3.97
56.11
5-PBZ
10 g
33.28
42.98
3.91
54.18
6-Control
19.14
28.11
0.96
12.14
2.17
5.11
0.23
3.96
Treatments
T
T
3-PBZ
(water spray)
CD at 5%
56
APPLICATION OF PACLOBUTRAZOLE
Heavy fruiting
57
Bio-regulators
Fruit retention
(%)
T1
NAA 15 ppm
39.8
40.4
8.0
T2
NAA 20ppm
44.0
48.5
9.2
T3
NAA 25 ppm
44.8
50.0
9.3
T4
NAA 50 ppm
23.2
36.2
3.4
T5
GA 10 ppm
25.0
25.4
5.8
T6
GA 20 ppm
20.0
25.2
4.6
T7
2,4-D 5 ppm
34.0
27.0
6.0
T9
2,4-D 10 ppm
40.0
30.0
7.3
T10
Control
20.5
22.4
3.1
C.D. at 5%
4.6
2.7
0.4
Note: Different Sprayed 3 times at full bloom and, subsequently 45, and 90 days after fruit set.
Mohanpur (West Bangal)
58
Table 15: Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit drop and retention in Aonla cv.
Narendra Aonla-6.
Treatments
detail
Treatment
Fruit retention
(%)
T1
82.54
17.46
T2
76.00
24.00
T3
76.25
23.75
T4
77.00
23.00
T5
73.65
26.35
T6
74.20
25.80
T7
75.15
24.85
1.72
1.84
CD at 5%
Note: Treatments applied at the pea stage of Fruit
NDUAT, UP
59
UNFRUITFULNESS
MANAGEMENT
THROUGH CROP
REGULATION
Crop Regulation
Manipulation or regulation of flowering in a
desired time is called crop regulation or Bahar
treatment.
Example - Pomegranate, Citrus, Guava
Crop regulation treatment include
Root Pruning
Root Exposure
Use of Chemicals NAA, Carberyl
Withholding water for about two months before
flowering
61
Mrig bahar
(June-July)
Ambe bahar
(Februarymarch)
Hasta bahar
(SeptemberOctober)
Season of
Flowering
62
Cropping
season (Bahar)
Fruit
retention (%)
Yield/plant
(kg)
Mrig
3.99
47.63
5.16
Mrig + Hasta
5.43
55.46
7.37
Hasta
9.26
65.81
10.25
C. D. at 5%
0.99
5.55
2.18
Godhra (Gujarat)
63
Treat.
T1
Deblossoming
date
7-April
T2
T3
T4
PAU, Ludhiana
Fruit set %
54.8
Fruit
number
57.0
15-April
25.9
107.0
22-April
Control
20.0
14.0
109.5
128.3
CD at 5 %
7.2
44.8
Singh et al, (2006)
64
Treat.
Deblossoming date
Fruit
number
Fruit set
%
T1
15-April
180.0
68.3
T2
22-April
175.0
54.8
T3
30-April
131.3
42.4
T4
Control
226.0
48.5
14.6
12.7
CD at 5 %
PAU, Ludhiana
UNFRUITFULNESS
MANAGEMENT
THROUGH USE OF
SUITABLE ROOTSTOCK
What
is
rootstock
?
What is rootstock ?
A stump of a related species
which already
has
an
established, healthy root
system in which separate fruit
tree is joined by grafting or
budding.
67
68
69
15
16
17
18
Mean
Jatti Khatti
880
(169)
728
(134)
696
(127)
704
(133)
971
(157)
796
(144)
Karun Jamir
666
(113)
574
(133)
530
(105)
480
(98)
642
(102)
578
(110)
Shekwasha
490
(81)
441
(90)
412
(70)
421
(82)
671
(106)
487
(86)
Jambhiri
670
(135)
592
(123)
556
(106)
613
(118)
876
(138)
661
(124)
Pactinifera
565
(89)
503
(96)
460
(82)
431
(77)
850
(123)
562
(93)
Cleoptra
474
(81)
429
(84)
405
(73)
401
(73)
791
(113)
500
(85)
CD at 5%
186
(32)
122
(27)
NS
(21)
78
(18)
200
(20)
--
70
Table 20: Effect of rootstocks on fruit yield, yield contributing characters and fruit
quality
of peach (mean of 2 years)
Cultivar
No. of
fruits/ tree
Fruit yield
(kg/tree)
247.1
16.0
434.1
25.9
Sharbati
148.8
7.7
Flordaguard
219.0
14.5
40.60
2.49
Rootstock
Sharbati
Earli Grande
Flordaguard
Shan-i-Punjab
C. D. at 5 %
PAU, Punjab
71
Table 21: Effect of rootstocks on scion fruit yield (kg/ tree) of guava
Scion
Sardar
Allahabad
Safeda
Mean
Sardar
Allahabad
Safeda
Mean
Pear Shaped
Sindhajli
Behal Coconut
Portugal
Mirjapur Seedling
Chittidar
Banarsi Surkha
Annu Ishakwala
45.34
68.51
46.62
83.89
55.03
66.78
55.22
58.82
46.40
69.50
52.53
72.71
50.01
65.08
58.93
61.93
45.87
69.00
49.57
78.30
52.52
65.93
57.07
60.37
36.38
50.37
36.39
68.65
44.88
53.90
45.36
45.06
37.31
55.50
40.33
61.39
40.83
54.25
47.54
50.22
36.84
53.03
38.46
65.12
42.35
54.07
46.45
47.64
Mean
59.19
59.75
47.73
48.55
Rootstock
C. D. at 5 %
Rootstock (A)
Scion (B)
AxB
PAU, Ludhiana
: 10.36
: NS
: NS
Rootstock (A)
Scion (B)
AxB
72
: 9.53
: NS
: NS
UNFRUITFULNESS
MANAGEMENT
THROUGH
PROPER NUTRIATION OR
INM
INM
Integrated nutrient management is the maintenance or
Integrated nutrient management is the maintenance or
adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply at an optimum
adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply at an optimum
level to sustain the desired crop productivity.
level to sustain the desired crop productivity.
Advantages
Provides balanced nutrition to crops and minimizes the
Provides balanced nutrition to crops and minimizes the
antagonistic effects.
antagonistic effects.
Improves and sustains the physical, chemical and biological
Improves
and sustains the physical, chemical and biological
functioning of soil.
functioning of soil.
Minimizes the deterioration of soil, water and ecosystem by
Minimizes
the deterioration of soil, water and ecosystem by
reducing nutrient losses to ground and surface water bodies and to
reducing nutrient losses to ground and surface water bodies and to
atmosphere.
atmosphere.
74
Table 22: Effect of foliar nutrients on yield and physical attributes of mango
cv. Amrapali.
No.
Treatment
No. of
fruits/
shoots
Fruit
retention
(%)
Fruit
drop(%)
Fruit
yield
kg/tree
T1
1.10
3.62
96.38
16.25
T2
ZnSO4 @ 0.4%
1.87
6.03
93.97
20.17
T3
Borax @ 0.4%
1.73
5.86
94.14
19.25
T4
Urea @ 1%
2.20
7.35
92.65
17.75
T5
2.39
7.51
92.49
19.83
T6
2.47
7.96
92.04
21.08
T7
2.53
8.26
91.74
22.03
0.24
0.85
0.85
1.59
CD at 5%
75
Table 23: Effect of organic & chemical fertilizers on soil composition, fruit set
&
yield of sapota
No. Treatment
T1
Castor cake
46.25
81.25
T2
48.75
84.00
T3
FYM
54.50
85.00
T4
60.00
92.00
T5
44.50
80.75
T6
G. Cake
44.50
78.50
T7
RDF
50.75
86.00
C.D. at 5%
9.82
5.64
T8
76
Anonymous (2010)
No. of fruits/
tree
Fruit yield
(Kg/ha)
T1
1000:500:500g NPK/tree
229.73
75.90
98.04
T2
T1+Zn+B+Mn+ Ca
271.13
86.27
97.79
T3
T1+Organic farming
320.23
98.00
98.52
T4
T1+Zn+B+Mn+Ca+Organic farming
328.97
106.00
98.47
T5
Half of T1 + 50 Kg FYM +
Trichoderma 250g
287.67
91.90
97.94
T6
Half of T1 + 50
Azospirillum 250g
282.43
95.67
97.99
T7
Half
of
T1
+
FYM+Azotobacter 250g
273.87
96.10
98.17
T8
Half of T1 + 50 Kg FYM+ 10 Kg
Vermicompost
409.6
124.67
98.19
T9
Half of T1 + 50 Kg FYM +
Pseudomonas fluorescens 250g
307.17
97.33
97.96
67.14
19.25
NS
CD at 5%
Rewa (M.P.)
Kg
50
FYM+
Kg
77
Treatment
Fertilizer Application
pomegranate cv.
No. of
hermaphrodite
flowers per
tree
No. of
male
flower
per tree
Fruit
set %
No. of
fruits per
tree
T1
41.33
36.68
79.35
32.60
T2
63.05
55.95
83.37
52.38
T3
57.70
51.93
83.09
47.50
T4
52.80
46.45
79.53
41.40
T5
43.75
40.20
81.54
35.15
6.19
6.12
3.60
5.01
C. D. at 5 %
Raipur ( Chattishgadh)
78
Table 26: Effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth, yield and quality
of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. Kagzi
Treatment Details
No of fruits
per tree
Fruit yield
(kg/tree)
27.67
837
33.41
27.00
828
35.09
25.67
737
36.13
26.67
729
34.90
24.83
874
42.42
24.50
822
37.53
23.67
924
46.92
25.17
889
41.68
24.83
1.22
917
0.30
46.68
4.95
79
Nurbhanej (2014)
Flowering
shoot (%)
No. of
Fruit/tree
Yield/tree (kg)
T1-Urea 1%
52.1
23.3
128.0
32.0
T2-Urea 2%
52.2
23.5
132.0
33.5
T3- KNO3 1%
52.4
23.6
138.0
41.4
T4- KNO3 2%
52.6
23.6
146.0
43.8
T5-NH4NO3 1%
51.7
23.0
118.0
29.5
T6-NH4NO3 2%
51.9
23.2
125.0
31.2
T7- CaNO3 1%
46.9
21.6
115.0
29.9
T8 CaNO32%
47.0
21.4
120.0
30.0
T9-Control
46.6
21.4
102.0
25.5
CD(P=0.05)
1.0
0.6
3.6
1.5
Table 28: Effect of integrated nutrient management on fruit set, fruit retention
and yield of aonla cv. NA-6.
Treatments
T1- 1000:500:500 g NPK + 100 kg FYM /tree
T2- 750:375:375 g NPK + 25 kg FYM + 250 g Azotobacter
T3- 500:250:250 g NPK + 50 kg FYM + 250 g Azospirillium
T4- 250:125:125 g NPK + 75 kg FYM + 250 g PSB
T5- 750:375:375 g NPK + 25 kg FYM + 250 g Azotobacter +
250 g Azospirillium + 250 g PSB
T6- 500:250:250 g NPK + 50 kg FYM + 250 g Azotobacter
+ 250 g Azospirillium + 250 g PSB
T7- 250:125:125 g NPK + 100 kg FYM + 54.70250 g
Azotobacter + 250 g Azospirillium + 250 g PSB
T8- 100 kg FYM + 250 g Azotobacter + 250 g Azospirillium
+ 250 g PSB
T9- 100 kg FYM
T10- 250 g Azotobacter + 250 g Azospirillium + 250 g PSB
CD at 5%
Faizabad (U.P.)
81
Fruit
set
(%)
Fruit
retention
(%)
Yield
(kg/tree)
68.10
64.25
67.00
59.70
70.20
15.30
14.70
15.00
13.80
15.80
90.00
80.00
85.00
78.00
95.00
72.20
16.50
105.00
56.00
12.10
72.00
54.70
12.60
75.00
48.20
54.60
8.59
10.80
12.20
1.60
70.00
73.00
13.67
Conclusion
Future thrust
Needtotodevelop
developregular
regularbearing
bearingvarieties
varietiesasasper
perAgroAgro Need
climaticZone.
Zone.
climatic
Morecultural
culturaland
andchemical
chemicalpractices
practicesisisneeded
neededfor
for
More
increasingfruit
fruitset
setininfruit
fruitcrops.
crops.
increasing
Needtotopromote
promoteINM
INMfor
forfruit
fruitcultivation
cultivationaccording
according
Need
Agro-climaticZone.
Zone.
totoAgro-climatic
83
Thank
you