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Pavement Types
Flexible Pavement:
structure is considered as a
multilayered elastic system.
Materials in each layers is characterized by
certain physical properties (Mr, E,.).
It assumes that subgrade is infinite in both the
vertical and horizontal directions.
Other layers are finite the vertical direction and
infinite in the horizontal direction.
The application of the wheel load causes a
stress distribution (See Figure 20.2)..
Traffic Loading
Pavement must withstand the large umber of
repeated loads of variable magnitudes
Primary loading factors:
1.
2.
3.
Climate or Environment
1.
2.
Material Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
3.
1.
2.
Inputs are:
characteristics.
Subgrade engineering properties.
Subbase and base engineering properties.
Traffic Characteristics
Determined
in terms of number of
repetitions of an 18,000 lb (80)kN single
axle load applied to the pavement on
two sets of dual tires (Equivalent Single
Axle Load (ESAL)).
See next slides for the determination of
the ESAL.
Traffic Analysis
Estimate the number of vehicles of
different types (Passenger cars, single
unit trucks, multi unit trucks of various
sizes) expected to use the pavement
over the design period.
In case data are not available, estimates
can be made from Table 20.4 in text
which gives representative values for
the united states.
1.
Design period
Traffic growth factor
ESAL Example
An
ESAL Example
Solution
Growth Factor = Gjt = [(1 + j)t - 1]/ j = [(1 + 0.04)20 - 1]/ 0.04
= 29.78 (or see Table 20.6)
ESAL Example
Solution
ESALi = (AADTi) (Fd) (Gjt) (Ni) (FEi) (365)
Design Subgrade Mr
Mr test
Value
13500
% values
Value >=
>=
1
12.5
11900
25
11300
37.5
10000
50
9500
62.5
8800
75
7800
87.5
6200
100
Traffic Level
Design Percentile
ESAL
Value
<= 10,000
60
10000 to 1000,000
75
> 1000,000
87.5
Recovery
Time
Then The damage incurred in stage 2 should not exceed the remaining life.
n2/ N2 = (1-Dr)
N2 = n2/ (1-Dr)
Find
From
h1=7.3 in
n2 = 850,000
& 1-Dr = 0.40
N2 = n2/ (1-Dr) = 850,000/ 0.4 = 2,100,000
design chart with N2 & Mr find
h2 =11.0
Find
From