Topics :

PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN MOVING FLUIDS

MODELING PRESSURE AND FLUID SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND INSTALLATION: TRANSMISSION EFFECTS

3rd GROUP :
3rd GROUP :
1. Abdurrahman Wahid (43024)
Abdurrahman
Wahid
(43024)
2.1.Andi
Fathy Ahmad
Fahrezy
(43270)
2.
Andi
Fathy
Ahmad
Fahrezy
(43270)
3. Muhammad Yusuf (43034)
Yusuf (43034)
4.3.
M.Muhammad
Try Agung Saputra
R.(43033)
4.
M.
Try
Agung
Saputra
5. Negria Heady(43947) R.(43033)
Negria
Heady(43947)
6.5.
Ricky
Husni
Dzaky(43037)
6. Ricky Husni Dzaky(43037)

PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN MOVING

FLUIDS

Total
Pressure
Total Pressure (pt) =
Static Pressure (ps) +
Dynamic Pressure (pd)

Static
Pressure
An amount equivalent to the
kinetic energy per unit mass
of the flow as it moves along
the streamline

Dynamic
Pressure
Pressure sensed by a fluid
particle as it moves with the
same velocity as the local
flow

Total Pressure Measurement

within ~1% error in indicated

reading
misalignment within a 7
degree angle

misalignment up to
40 degree

Static Pressure
Measurement
The local value of static
pressure in a moving
stream is measured by
sensing the pressure in
the direction that is
normal to the flow
streamline.
The tap must be
perpendicular to the local
tangent to the wall with
no drilling burrs

MODELING PRESSURE AND FLUID

SYSTEMS

Inertance

the inertial
properties of a
mass in motion,
such as that of a
mass of fluid
moving within a
vessel

Resistanc
e

describes the
opposition to
motion

Complian
ce
describes a
measure of the
volume change
associated with a
corresponding
pressure change

DESIGN AND INSTALLATION: TRANSMISSION

EFFECTS
Under static conditions, the
pressure
transducer
indicates the static pressure
at the tap. But if the
pressure at the tap is a
time-dependent
pressure,
pa(t), the response behavior
of the tubing influences the
time-indicated output from
the transducer, p(t). By
considering
the
onedimensional pressure forces
acting on a lumped mass of
fluid within the connecting
tube, balancing inertance,
compliance, and resistance
against forcing function, we
can develop a model for the
pressure system response.

In this simple model, the system

compliance lumps the compliance of
the fluid, tube walls, and transducer
into a single value, Cvp. As these
individual
compliances
could
be
modeled
separately
by
using
capacitors in parallel, the total
capacitance is simply the sum of each.
If one compliance dominates, the
others can be neglected. Further, the
inertance and resistance of the
connecting tube and the transducer
cavity are lumped into single values.

Liquid
s

Liquids are relatively incompressible, so that

the compression-restoring force in the
transmission line is due primarily to the
compliance in the transducer.

Gases

For gases, we simplify by assuming that the

system is rigid relative to the compressibility
of the gas.

Example 1

Example 2

Heavily Damped System

In systems in which we estimate a damping ratio

greater than 1.5, the frequency response model can be
simplied further. The behavior of the pressuremeasuring system closely follows that of a rst- order
system. Again, the typical pressure transducertubing
system has a compliance Cvp, which is a measure of
the transducer and tubing volume change relative to an
applied pressure change.