Engineering Mechanics :

DYNAMIC
DAJ 21003
Lecture #13
By,
Noraniah Kassim
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),

Objective
To investigate particle motion along a curved
path Curvilinear Motion using three
coordinate systems
Rectangular Components
Position vector r = x i + y j + z k
Velocity v = vx i + vy j + vz k (tangent to path)
Acceleration a = ax i + ay j +az k (tangent to
hodograph)
Normal and Tangential Components
Polar & Cylindrical Components

Normal and Tangential Components

If the path is known i.e.

Circular track with given radius
Given function

Method of choice is normal and

tangential components

Position
From the given
geometry and/or
given function
More emphasis
on radius of
curvature
velocity and
acceleration

Planer Motion
At any instant the origin is
located at the particle it self
The t axis is tangent to the
curve at P and + in the
direction of increasing s.
The normal axis is
perpendicular to t and
directed toward the center
of curvature O.
un s the unit vector in
normal direction
ut is a unit vector in
tangent direction

Radius of curvature ()
For the Circular
motion :() = radius
of the circle
For y = f(x):

Example
Find the radius of curvature
of the parabolic path in the
figure at x = 150 m.

Velocity

The particle velocity is always tangent to

the path.
Magnitude of velocity is the time
derivative of path function s = s(t)

- From constant tangential acceleration

From time function of tangential
acceleration

From acceleration as function of distance

Acceleration
Acceleration is time derivative of
velocity

Special case
1)Straight line motion

2)Constant speed curve

motion (centripetal
acceleration)

Centripetal acceleration
Recall that acceleration is defined as
a change in velocity with respect to
time.
Since velocity is a vector quantity, a
change in the velocitys direction ,
even though the speed is constant,
represents an acceleration.
This type of acceleration is known as
Centripetal acceleration

Acceleration
3 types of acceleration: linear,radial
(centripetal) & angular
Linear acceleration: is a change in speed
without change in direction (increase in
thrust in straight-and-level flight)
Radial (or centripetal) acceleration : when
there is a change in direction (turn, dive)
Angular acceleration: when body speed
and direction are changed (tight spin)

Example 1
The jet plane travels along the vertical parabolic path.
When it is at point A it has a speed of 200m/s, which is
increasing at the rate 0.8m/s^2. Determine the magnitude
of acceleration of the plane when it is at point A.

Example 2
At a given instant the jet plane has a speed of 200 m/s
and an acceleration of 35m/s^2 acting in the direction
shown. Determine the rate of increase in the planes
speed and the radius of curvature of the path.

Example 3
A car is traveling along a circular curve that has a
radius of 50m. If its speed is 16m/s and is increasing
uniformly at 8m/s^2, determine the magnitude of its
acceleration at this instant.

Three-Dimensional Motion
For spatial motion
required three
dimension.
Binomial axis b which
is perpendicular to ut
and un is used
u b= u t x u n