Professional Documents
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SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Summarized from
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
An Introduction to Language and Society
Peter Trudgill
th
4 edition. 2000,
and other sources
Prepared by
Dr. Abdullah S. Al-Shehri
Chapter 1
What is Sociolinguistics?
Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects
What is Sociolinguistics?
Continued..
social context.
Sociolinguistics first appeared in the West in the 1960s and was pioneered
society.
as a social phenomenon.
Language variation
Lets return for a moment to one of the important social functions of language,
that is, its clue-bearing role.
To know more about each other, people make use of the way language is used
by others who come from different regional and social backgrounds.
This variation in the regional and social background of a person is often marked
by a different variety of language.
Language variation, then, is due to two factors: the geographical factor and the
social factor.
There are thus two types of dialects: geographical (dialects), and social dialects
(sociolects).
Definitions of:
Language, Dialect, Accent, and Idiolect
The terms language and dialect are not particularly easy terms to
define.
cut concept.
language continuum.
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If we choose to say that people on one side of the border speak German
and those on the other Dutch, our choice is again based on social and
political rather than linguistic factors.
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would then be basing our division on sociopolitical factors and not linguistic
facts.
That is, if two speakers can understand one another, then they are speaking
dialects of the same language. And if they cannot understand each other then
they are speaking different languages.
This, however, would lead to strange results in the case of German and Dutch,
the Scandinavian situation, Mandarin and Cantonese in China, Urdu and Hindi
in the Indian Sub-Continent, and in many other places around the world.
however, of no use.
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The Standard
The Standard variety is that variety of a language which is usually
15
The Standard
Continued
This is because the scientific study of language has convinced us that all
languages, and all dialects, are equally good as linguistic systems.
There is nothing at all inherent in nonstandard varieties that makes them inferior.
Any apparent inferiority is due only to their association with speakers from
under-privileged, low-status groups, not due to systemic deficiency.
Attitudes towards nonstandard dialects are attitudes which reflect the social
structure of society.
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London.
members in London.
18
SE
Continued..
SE became too different from the varieties used by other social groups.
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inferior.
privileged groups.
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