Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 3
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
Earthquakes
Dynamics of Structures
Earthquake Response of Structures
Design Philosophy and Codes
Methods of Analysis and the Australian
Standard AS1170.4
6. Static Analysis
7. Dynamic Analysis
8. Asymmetry & Torsional Coupling
9. Example of Torsional Amplifications
10. Design Considerations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
LOCATIONS OF EARTHQUAKES
IN AUSTRALIA 1873 - 1988
MECHANISM OF EARTHQUAKES
Elastic rebound.
As a rock is deformed
it bends, storing
elastic energy. Once
the rock is strained
beyond its breaking
point it ruptures,
releasing the storedup energy in the form
of earthquake waves
Location
Deaths
Magnitude
Comments
1290
Chihli, China
100,000
1556
Shensi, China
830,000
1737
Calcutta, India
300,000
1755
Lisbon, Portugal
70,000
1811
Missouri
Few
1886
Charleston , CA
60
1906
San Francisco, CA
1,500
1908
Messina, Italy
120,000
1920
Kansu, China
180,000
1923
Tokyo, Japan
1960
8.1-8.2
143,000
7.9
Southern, Chile
5,700
8.5-8.6
1964
Alaska
131
8.3-8.4
1970
Peru
66,000
7.8
Great rockslide
1971
San Fernando
65
6.5
1975
Liaoning Province
Few
7.5
1985
Mexico City
9,500
8.1
1988
Soviet Armenia
25,000
6.9
1989
San Francisco
62
7.1
1990
Northwestern, Iran
50,000
7.3
(b) East
Component
(c) Vertical
Component
EARTHQUAKE LOADING ON A
STRUCTURE
mv cv kv mug Peff (t )
g v
) cv kv 0
m(u
EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
1. MAGNITUDE (M) in RICHTER Scale
-Measure of total energy (E) released
Log E = 11.8 + 1.5M
Unit increase in M corresponds to 32*increase in E
2. INTENSITY
-Measure of local destruction
MODIFIED MERCALLI Scale
MM 1 (not felt) - - - MM 2 (total destruction)
or
fundamental natural frequency (f in Hz); f = 1/T
and
2. Associated Mode Shapes
- unique deflected shape for each T
(or f)
INELASTIC RESPONSE
PRESENTLY INELASTIC RESPONSE IS NOT WELL
UNDERSTOOD
HENCE
SEISMIC CODES DO NOT SUGGEST DIRECT NON
LINEAR ANALYSIS
INDIRECT INELASTIC RESPONSE BY USE OF
DUCTILITY FACTORS