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SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
FeO
MgO
CaO
Na2O
K2O
H2O
TiO2
MnO
P2O5
CO2
0.52
Al2O3
18.74
Fe2O3
FeO
MnO
MgO
CaO
Na2O
2.05
1.45
0.09
1.06
2.61
4.50
K2O
7.19
P2O5
H2O+
H2OCO2
Cl
F
Total
0.28
0.55
0.05
0.40
0.04
0.05
100.17
CIPW norm
calculation
Correction
Factors
Total=100%? Y/ N
Fe3+/ (Total Iron)
Programrun:
30/ 11/ 02
Corrected
Analysis
5.90
0.07
1.65
0.83
1.75
0.34
0.71
52.04
0.45
0.22
19.45
16.36
HELP
Normative
Weight % Volume %
Minerals
Norm
Norm
SiO2
%
Y
Quartz
TiO2
%
0.3
Plagioclase
1.83
2.01
Al2O3
%
Orthoclase
Fe2O3
%
Total Fe as FeO
2.35
Nepheline
2.06
2.44
FeO
%
Desired Fe2O3
0.78
Leucite
0.14
0.17
MnO
0.32 %
Desired FeO
1.64
Kalsilite
0.64
0.31
MgO
0.67 %
Weight corr. factor
1.066
Corundum
CaO
48.84 %
Diopside
Na2O
0.42 %
Hypersthene
K2O
0.21 %
Wollastonite
Zero values not shown
P2O5
18.25 %
Olivine
3.26
2.56
CO2
15.35 %
Larnite
8.00
7.40
SO3
%
Acmite
S
0.20 %
0.21 K2SiO3
F
%
Norm calculation checks:
Na2SiO3
Cl
%
Norm seems OK
Rutile
Sr
ppm
Ilmenite
0.13
0.08
Ba
ppm
Magnetite
1.20
0.70
Ni
ppm
Hematite
More of the norm below
Cr
ppm
Apatite
45.06
42.56
Zr
ppm
Zircon
Total
94.03
99.98 Perovskite
Chromite
Sphene
Pyrite
0.45
0.27
Halite
Fluorite
Anhydrite
Na2SO4
Calcite
37.21
41.50
Na2CO3
Total
99.98
100.00
Fe3+/ (Total Fe) in rock
29.9
29.9
Mg/ (Mg+Total Fe) in rock
33.6
33.6
Mg/ (Mg+Fe2+) in rock
42.0
42.0
Mg/ (Mg+Fe2+) in silicates
47.1
47.1
Ca/ (Ca+Na) in rock
98.5
98.5
Ca/ (Ca+Na) in plagioclase
100.0
100.0
Differentiation Index
4.7
4.9
Calculated density, g/ cc
3.02
3.02
Calculated liquid density
2.73
2.73
Calculated viscosity, dry
-2.3
-2.3
Calculated viscosity, wet
-2.3
-2.3
Estimated liquidus temp.
2022
2022
Estimated H2O content
-8.13
-8.13
This programwas written by Kurt Hollocher, Geology Department, Union College, Schenectady, NY, 12308, hollochk@union.edu
The major elements control the phases present under various conditions
SiO2
TiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
FeO
MnO
MgO
CaO
Na2O
K2O
H2O+
Total
Peridotite
42.26
0.63
4.23
3.61
6.58
0.41
31.24
5.05
0.49
0.34
3.91
98.75
Basalt Andesite
49.20
57.94
1.84
0.87
15.74
17.02
3.79
3.27
7.13
4.04
0.20
0.14
6.73
3.33
9.47
6.79
2.91
3.48
1.10
1.62
0.95
0.83
99.06
99.3
Rhyolite Phonolite
72.82
56.19
0.28
0.62
13.27
19.04
1.48
2.79
1.11
2.03
0.06
0.17
0.39
1.07
1.14
2.72
3.55
7.79
4.30
5.24
1.10
1.57
99.50
99.23
Magmas Primarios
Diagramas de Variacin
To interpret geochemical data they need to be examined in
some meaningful way:
1. X-Y diagrams.
A. Absolute value of chemical components.
B. Chemical component ratios.
2. Ternary diagrams.
A. Regular ternary plots.
B. Projections from some phase.
C. Projections involving compositional considerations.
3. Norms that in some sense resemble possible modes.
4. Mathematical representations of compositional information
(e.g., factor analysis).
5. Models.
Diagramas X-Y
X-Y graphs can show
how different chemical
components change
together in a set of
samples. Interpretation
of X-Y graphs in terms
of the geologic processes
causing the patterns
visible is not always
straightforward. The Xaxis is typically some
measure of magma
evolution, SiO2 in this
case.
Diagrams for 310 volcanic rocks
from Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades.
Data compiled by Rick Conrey.
Red lines
show possible
trends
Series Magmticas
Chemistry may be used to distinguish magmas into families of magma
types. These magma types differ from one another in compositionally
systematic ways, though there is considerable overlap.
The series have their origin in systematic differences in source area
composition, pressure, mineralogy, water content, and other factors.
Some chemical parameters are particularly useful for distinguishing
between magmatic groups:
K2O
Na2O + K2O (total alkalis)
CaO
SiO2 and silica saturation
Al2O3 and alumina saturation (normative corundum)
= Alkalis, K2O+Na2O
= FeOtotal
= MgO
Tholeiitic
Calc-alkaline
After Irvine and Baragar, 1971,
Canadian Journal of Earth
Science, v. 8, p. 523-548.
Common
volcanic rock
names and their
typical
locations on
AFM diagrams.
Indice Alkalis-CaO y
saturacin en alumina
a)
Characteristic
Plate Margin
Series
Convergent Divergent
Alkaline
si
Tholeiitic
si
si
Calc-alkaline
si
Within Plate
Oceanic Continental
si
si
si
si
Base de datos:
Hawaii
Using major elements
to estimate fractional
crystallization history.
Data set
from Kilauea
Crystallization sequence:
Olivine
Plagioclase
1
48.05
2.04
2
48.43
2.00
3
47.92
2.16
4
48.21
2.24
5
49.16
2.29
6
49.20
2.57
7
49.71
2.68
8
50.10
2.71
9
50.37
3.09
10
50.56
3.16
11
50.74
3.35
12
50.85
3.36
13
50.92
3.61
Enstatite
Magnetite
14
15
16
51.24 53.42 56.07
3.74
3.36
2.97
Al2O3
Fe2O3
FeO
MnO
MgO
CaO
Na2O
K2O
10.33
1.34
10.19
0.17
17.39
8.14
1.66
0.36
10.70
1.15
10.08
0.17
16.29
8.67
1.71
0.35
10.75
1.08
10.65
0.18
15.43
9.33
1.79
0.44
11.37
1.50
10.18
0.18
13.94
9.74
1.89
0.44
13.33
1.31
9.71
0.16
10.41
10.93
2.15
0.51
12.77
1.50
10.05
0.17
10.00
10.75
2.12
0.51
13.65
1.19
9.72
0.17
8.24
11.59
2.26
0.54
13.78
1.89
9.46
0.17
7.34
11.46
2.25
0.57
14.02
1.88
10.07
0.17
6.75
10.39
2.35
0.62
13.92
1.78
10.18
0.18
6.33
10.24
2.61
0.64
13.57
1.36
10.63
0.18
6.16
9.94
2.69
0.67
14.02
1.90
10.44
0.18
5.68
9.71
2.77
0.74
13.80
1.85
10.71
0.19
5.46
9.45
2.80
0.75
13.60
1.87
11.19
0.18
5.12
9.03
2.81
0.83
13.75
1.96
10.45
0.18
3.92
7.75
3.34
1.10
13.78
1.93
9.78
0.18
2.70
6.54
3.86
1.36
P2O5
Total
0.19
99.86
0.18
99.73
0.23
99.96
0.22
0.20
99.91 100.16
0.25
0.25
0.27
0.32
99.89 100.00 100.00 100.03
0.33
99.93
0.37
0.38
99.66 100.03
0.40
0.41
99.94 100.02
0.59
99.82
0.77
99.92
Molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+ )
A
F
M
% liquid remaining (K2O)
% liquid remaining (P2O5)
0.75
7
34
59
100%
100%
0.74
7
35
57
103%
106%
0.72
8
38
55
82%
83%
0.71
9
38
53
82%
86%
0.66
12
43
46
71%
95%
0.64
12
44
44
71%
76%
0.60
13
47
40
67%
76%
0.58
14
48
37
63%
70%
0.54
15
51
34
58%
59%
0.53
16
52
32
56%
58%
0.51
17
53
31
54%
51%
0.49
18
53
29
49%
50%
0.48
18
54
28
48%
48%
0.45
18
56
26
43%
46%
0.40
24
56
21
33%
32%
0.33
29
55
15
26%
25%
0
40.7
2.5
16.4
19.7
16.8
2.5
1.0
0.4
72.3
0
40.9
3.2
19.0
13.8
19.0
2.7
0.9
0.5
70.3
0
43.1
3.2
19.6
14.8
14.8
2.8
1.3
0.5
68.3
0
49.4
3.6
20.8
13.3
8.5
2.8
1.1
0.5
63.0
0
47.9
3.7
21.1
16.9
5.4
3.2
1.3
0.6
61.0
0
50.8
3.8
22.8
15.1
2.7
3.3
1.0
0.6
57.6
1.3
51.0
4.0
22.0
16.2
0
3.3
1.6
0.6
54.0
2.8
51.9
4.4
17.7
17.2
0
3.8
1.6
0.7
50.6
2.4
52.7
4.5
18.2
16.0
0
3.9
1.5
0.7
48.9
2.6
52.1
4.7
18.0
16.5
0
4.1
1.2
0.8
48.1
3.2
53.3
5.2
16.5
15.2
0
4.1
1.6
0.8
45.5
3.9
52.8
5.3
16.0
15.1
0
4.4
1.6
0.9
44.0
4.9
52.0
5.8
15.0
15.2
0
4.6
1.6
0.9
41.5
7.6
53.3
7.6
11.3
13.2
0
4.0
1.6
1.3
36.4
10.7
54.1
9.3
8.1
11.2
0
3.5
1.6
1.6
29.5
78.5
73.7
57.2
43.2
3.13
76.6
74.2
55.4
44.1
3.14
76.4
74.0
55.6
46.3
3.12
72.0
73.7
56.6
53.0
3.08
71.1
73.7
55.6
51.6
3.09
67.9
73.9
55.7
54.6
3.07
67.3
73.8
56.1
56.3
3.07
64.5
71.0
55.1
59.1
3.06
62.7
68.4
51.0
59.7
3.05
60.4
67.1
48.8
59.5
3.05
60.0
66.0
48.7
61.7
3.04
58.8
65.1
47.6
62.0
3.05
56.0
64.0
46.6
62.7
3.05
50.9
56.2
39.1
68.5
3.00
42.8
48.4
31.9
74.0
2.95
79.6
73.0
56.9
42.0
3.14
Olivine
40.01
0.04
1.13
0.30
12.33
0.17
44.77
1.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.96
0.87
0
22
78
Magnetite
0.10
22.70
1.44
24.37
46.37
0.76
3.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
98.92
0.11
0
94
6
Mg = molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)
Hawaii:
Indice de
diferenciacin
1
Mg is the
measure of
magma evolution
used here. It
increases almost
linearly with the
differentiation
index as mafic
phases are
fractionated from
the liquid.
Mg = molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)
i
m
i
r
P
e
v
ti
l
o
Ev
d
e
v
Magma evolution
proceeds by crystal
fractionation.
Hawaii:
Indice de
diferenciacin
2
Mg is the
measure of
magma evolution
used here. It
increases almost
linearly with the
differentiation
index as mafic
phases are
fractionated from
the liquid.
Hawaii:
normas 1
With fractional
crystallization of
olivine, the amount
of olivine
component in the
liquid (normative
olivine) decreases
until there is none,
after which there is
normative quartz.
Then, ilmenite
crystallization
continues the trend.
Hawaii:
normas 2
Kink is an artifact
of the norm
calculations
With fractional
crystallization of
olivine, the amount
of olivine
component in the
liquid (normative
olivine) decreases
until there is none,
after which there is
normative quartz.
Then, ilmenite
crystallization
continues the trend.
Hawaii:
Mg-Al-Ca 1
Plot of three
major oxides vs.
Mg, the index of
magma
evolution. Data
do not define
straight lines and
so indicate
changes in the
crystal
fractionation
assemblage.
Olivine
Augite
Plagioclase
Olivine
Olivine
Augite
Augite
Plagioclase
Enstatite
Ilmenite
Hawaii:
Mg-Al-Ca 2
Plot of three
major oxides vs.
Mg, the index of
magma
evolution. Data
do not define
straight lines and
so indicate
changes in the
crystal
fractionation
assemblage.
Hawaii: TiNa-K-P 1
Plot of four
rather
incompatible
oxides, generally
having less
response to
changes in the
fractionating
mineral
assemblage
modes.
Hawaii: TiNa-K-P 2
Enstatite
+ Augite
+ Plagioclase
+ Ilmenite
Olivine Augite Plagioclase
Plot of four
rather
incompatible
oxides, generally
having less
response to
changes in the
fractionating
mineral
assemblage
modes.
Enstatite +
Augite +
O
Plagioclase +Au livin
gi e
Ilmenite
Pl te
ag
io
cla
se
Hawaii:
Elementos
incompatibles 1
The major phases:
Olivine:
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Augite
Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6
Plagioclase
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8
Enstatite
(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Ilmenite
FeTiO3
Hawaii:
Elementos
incompatibles 2
The major phases:
Olivine:
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Augite
Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6
Plagioclase
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8
Enstatite
(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Ilmenite
FeTiO3
Hawaii:
Porcentaje lquido
restante 1
The % liquid
remaining can be
calculated:
%l = 100*Io/In
Io: Original
concentration
of an
incompatible
element in the
parent magma
(sample 1).
In: concentration
of the same
element in any
derived
magma.
Hawaii:
Porcentaje lquido
restante 2
The % liquid
remaining can be
calculated:
%l = 100*(Io/In)
Io: Original
concentration
of an
incompatible
element in the
parent magma
(sample 1).
In: concentration
of the same
element in any
derived
magma.