What are the different

types of AID?

What is AID?

Aid is ...

Support
Goods
Services
Money

... given to those in need

What different types of Aid are there?

Duration: long-term, short-term, emergency
Delivery: financial, goods, services from trained
people
Source: government, non-governmental
organisations (NGOs), charity, individuals
International dimension: bilateral, multilateral
Dependency: tied aid

Aid matching activity types of aid

Long-term aid

Short-term aid

Emergency aid
Bilateral aid

Voluntary aid

Bottom-up development

Multilateral aid
Top-down development

Food aid
Tied aid

Sustainable development
Non-governmental organisation

Aid matching activity answers

Money, food, goods
and services given at
times of dire need

Edible commodities
donated to needy
populations

Emergency aid

Food aid

Aid that is given by a

number of countries
and organisations,
like the United
Nations and the
World Health
Organisation

Foreign aid that must

be used in the donor
country to buy goods
and service from the
country giving the aid
Tied aid

Multilateral aid
Development that
meets the needs of
the people today
without harming the
ability of future
generations to meet
their own needs

An independent
charitable
organisation that
provides aid

Aid from one country

to another
Bilateral aid

Non-governmental
organisation

Money collected from

the public (and
sometimes
governments) by nongovernmental
organisations
Voluntary aid

Sustainable
development
Aid that provides
support for a short
time, sometimes when
there is an immediate
need
Short-term aid

Development
projects that are
imposed in people
from above
Top-down
development

Aid that provides

support over a long
period of time to
make changes that
last
Long-term aid

Development projects
that start and work
from the grass-roots
level
Bottom-up
development

What people say about aid 1

Huge bureaucracies are financed (with the aid

money), corruption and complacency are promoted,
Africans are taught to be beggars and not to be
independent.
James Shikwati a Kenyan economics expert
Source: Speigel Online International

Foreign aid might be defined as a transfer of money

from poor people in rich countries to rich people in
poor countries.
Douglas Casey, Classmate of Bill Clinton at Georgetown
University
Source: http://thoughtsnquotes.blogspot.com/2009/04/sarcastic-quotes-foreign-aid.html

What people say about aid 2

In the 1990s dams were built on the Xeset River in the South of
Laos to provide electricity and promote economic development.
Aid to do this came from Sweden, Norway, the Asian
Development Bank and UNDP and China.
On the Boloven Plateau (in Laos) a Norwegian consulting
firm is benefiting from Norwegian aid, a Chinese construction
firm is benefiting from Chinese aid, and Lao villagers are left
to pay the costs of destroyed rivers and livelihoods.
Chris Lang

We do not want them to build the dam. It will badly affect our
land and the environment. The official compensation will not be
adequate, but we dare not oppose government officials.
Laos villager
Source: www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/118/Laos.html

What people say about aid 3

One approach to a successful aid project just is to

immerse yourself in the local community, put local
people in charge who are themselves highly
motivated, be adaptive and flexible to respond to
whatever the local people think about how they can
help themselves.
William Easterly

Source: http://blogs.nyu.edu/fas/dri/aidwatch/2009/04/the_secret_to_successful_aid.html

Lets look at SHORT TERM and LONG TERM aid.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of
this type of aid on donor and recipient countries?
Donor countries Recipient countries
Type of
aid
Shortterm aid

Longterm aid

Advanta Disadvant
ges
ages

Advanta
ges

Disadvanta
ges

What is top- down development?

These tend to be big schemes and decisions are made by the
national government. Local people who often live near the
scheme do not get involved in the process
Examples:

National
Government

External Groups
e.g. World Bank, TNCs

Local People

What is bottom-up development?

Local people are fully involved in the
process and decision making
Examples:

External Groups
e.g. World Bank, TNCs

National
Government

Local People

Decision
made here

Brainstorm for each type of

development the positives and
negatives
Top Down Approach

Brainstorm for each type of

development the positives and
negatives
Bottom Up approach

Relies on external
links and
technology

Uses machinery
etc rather than
providing jobs
for local people

Country gets into

debt as it borrows
money from the
World Bank etc

Conditions often
attached to the loans
Dams etc provide
energy needed
for the country
to develop

Top Down Approach

Often
environmentally
effective as they
use cheaper fuels
e.g. HEP
As these areas grow
the take away
resources from
peripheral areas

Involve the local people

Appropriate
technology to the
local skill level

Bottom up Approach
Low cost

Very limited impact of

national poverty levels

Which is the best option?

Looking at both Top down and bottom up
approaches to development, which do
you feel is the best option and why?

Video Clip

http://video.google.co.uk/videosearch?
q=micro+hydro+power&hl=en&emb=0&a
q=0&oq=micro+hydro#q=micro+hydro+p
ower+peru&hl=en&emb=0

Effective aid projects or not?

Government funding to Nepal the UK

Government recently gave 65 million to the
Government of Nepal to use in its health services
Oxfams Let Agogo Project in Haiti gives cows
to people who care for the cows and sell on the
dairy products to earn income
International Aid to Afghanistan much of the
international aid to Afghanistan is paid to foreign
contractors for projects that do not meet the needs
of the poor

What is effective aid like?

Types
Examples

On donor

AID

Impacts
On recipient

Benefits

Possible problems