Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEFINITION:
IS THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING AND
MAINTAINING A TEMPERATURE OF A SPACE LOWER
THAN THAT OF SURROUNDING BY THE REMOVAL OF
HEAT.
High Temperature
Reservoir
Heat
Rejected
Work
R
Input
Heat
Absorbed
Low Temperature
Reservoir
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
EVAPORATOR
EXPANSION VALVE
REFRIGERATION
B. Carnot
Refrigerator
Processes
1 to 2 - Compression (S =
C)
2 to 3 - Heat Rejection (T
= C)
3 to
(S = C)
T 4 - Expansion
QR
4 to 1 - Heat Addition (T =
3
2
T
C)
H
TL
QA
INTRODUCTION
Why do we need air
conditioning ??
10000
m
Ground
level
Press
.15 bar
Temp
-50 C
Press.
1 bar
Temp.
22-25 C
At high altitudes
Conditions are not in conformity with the
physiological requirement of human being
As the atmospheric pressure drops, the quantity
of oxygen, CO2 and water in each lungful of air
decreases proportionally
Reduction in pressure causes irregularities like
Bleeding through nose, ears, eyes etc
Solar radiation
Air
resistance
Electric
appliance
s
Rammi
ng
Cooling
Air resistance
loads
Heat liberated due to fast moving air relative to
plane
Ramming
At a velocity = 300m/s and temp. = 10 C and
Press.= .3 bar
With ramming efficiency = 90 %
Electric
Tempappliances
rise is 40 C
Medium sized plane
Power consumed = 10 15 KW which
results in temp. rise of ~ 45 C
Solar Radiation
through the plane body
through the glass panels
Occupants
Example
1 Bar
10 km
Press
Temp
.15
bar
-50 C
Work
done
Comp.
Temp
131
KJ/Kg
353 K
.8 Bar
Work
done
Comp.
Temp
109
331 K
CLASSIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM1. Basic or Simple air-refrigeration system
Fig#3
REFRIGERATION
REFRIGERATION
Schematic
Diagram
3
QR (Heat
Rejected)
Condenser
Compressor
Expansion
Valve
4
1
Evaporator
QA (Heat
Added)
W (Work)
Ph and TS Diagram
T
2
2
3
S=C
h=C
4
1
4
h
1
S
Cascade
System
A. Closed cascade
condenser
Condenser
HP Compressor
Cascade
Condenser
Evaporator
LP Compressor
HP Compressor
Cascade
Condenser
Evaporator
LP Compressor
Rectifier:
Absorber:
Less noise
Low maintenance cost due to very little wear.
System does not depend upon electric power.
Suitable for above 1000 TR.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
TYPE OF AIR-CONDITIONING
1) Window air-conditioning system
2) Split air-conditioning system
3) Centralised air-conditioning system
4) Package air-conditioning system
3) Centralised Air-Conditioning
System
The central air conditioning plants or the
systems are used when large buildings, hotels,
theaters, airports, shopping malls etc. are to
be air conditioned completely.
The window and split air conditioners are used
for single rooms or small office spaces.
If the whole building is to be cooled it is not
economically viable to put window or split air
conditioner in each and every room.
Further, these small units cannot satisfactorily
cool the large halls, auditoriums, receptions
areas etc.
4) Packaged Air-Conditioning
System
The window and split air conditioners are usually
used for the small air conditioning capacities up to 5
tons.
The central air conditioning systems are used for
where the cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons.
The packaged air conditioners are used for the
cooling capacities in between these two extremes.
The packaged air conditioners are available in the
fixed rated capacities of 3,5, 7, 10 and 15 tons.
These units are used commonly in places like
restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes, small
halls, etc.