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Methods
Using Essential Perceptual
Attributes
Motivation:
There exists several approaches to the issue of reproducing high dynamic range images
on devices with restricted dynamic range.
These approaches assume a thorough knowledge of both the objective and subjective
attributes of an image, but no comprehensive overview or analysis of such attributes has
been published.
A number of different tone mapping methods (operators) have been proposed in history.
However, also due to their sheer number, the advantages and disadvantages of these
methods are not immanently clear, and therefore a thorough and systematic comparison is
highly desirable.
Aim:
To present an overview about the effects of basic image attributes in HDR Tone Mapping.
Relationship between these attributes leading to the definition of an overall image quality
measure.(To prove this relationship: Subjective psychophysical experiment)
Evaluation of existing Tone Mapping methods.
Execution of with reference and without reference perceptual experiment to relate the
obtained subjective results.
Introduction:
In order to conduct a comparison of TM methods, it is
necessary to settle upon a set of image attributes by which
the images produced by the methods should be judged.
These attributes are not independent, and their
interrelationships and the influence on the overall image
quality need to be carefully analyzed.
The perceived quality of the images produced by particular
TM methods with and without the possibility of direct
comparison to the original real-world scenes is investigated.
The evaluation of the attributes and their relationships lead
to the definition of an Overall Image Quality. This metric can
be used to judge how well a given TM method is able to
produce naturally looking images.
Conclusions:
The presented overview of image attributes is helpful for getting
into the tone mapping field, or when implementing or developing a
new tone mapping method.
Our results show that the quality of reproduction of overall
brightness, overall contrast and colors is much more important
than the reproduction of details when naturalness is ranked in real
scenes.
Good performance of global methods is the most surprising and
important result of the study. The result may be sometimes
enhanced using a local part that does not vanish in the global
trend.
Image quality attributes can be evaluated without a real HDR
references.
Represents objective comparison metric for HDR images.
Introduction:
Tone reproduction techniques for compressing dynamic range are
usually described in two broad categories:
Global and Local tone mapping operators.
A novel fast global histogram adjustment based tone mapping
operator, which effectively utilizes the full dynamic range of
display and thus well reproduces global contrast for high dynamic
range images is proposed.
But when viewing high dynamic range scenes, the local adaptation
mechanism in human visual system helps us to see the details in
all parts in the scenes. So, a technique is developed which
segments the images and carries out adaptive contrast adjustment
using our developed global tone mapping operator in the local
areas so that each local area can better utilize the full dynamic
range of the display and at the same time avoid noise artifacts.
Conclusion:
A property of our ALHA tone mapping operator is that the
derivation of the tone mapping functions in different blocks is
independent of each other and the weighting process for each
pixel only associates with 5*5 neighboring elements.
HALEQ only takes about 0.1 s to compute a 1024*768 pixel
image on a T7300 with 2.0 GHz CPU. To map a 1024*768 pixel
image on a T7300 with 2.0 GHz CPU takes about 0.4s using our
ALHA operator.
The image quality produced using the algorithm would not vary
considerably for various image contents and gives consistent
nice-rendering results. This means that the algorithm has better
automation to produce good tone mapped images in comparison
with other mapping techniques. Thus this algorithm is more
suitable for automatical batch processing purpose.
Introduction
Performed eye tracking experiments and obtained fixation
density maps, which demonstrate a significant difference in
the way HDR and LDR capture attention of the observers.
Fixation density maps (FDMs), which represent the level of
attention at certain locations, are computed by convolving
the recorded gaze points with a Gaussian filter, and then
normalizing the result by the peak amplitude of the map
into the range of 0 to 1.
The similarity score is a distribution-based metric of how
similar two saliency maps are. If a similarity score is one,
the two saliency maps are the same, if it is zero, the maps
do not overlap at all.
Conclusion
Three clusters were manually created:
Change in Visual Attention: While results show that viewers tend
to look more at the bright objects in LDR images, details in the dark
regions become more visible in HDR, resulting in the increased
visual attention in these areas.
Change in Fixation Intensity: The HDR FDM is mostly a
modulated version of the LDR FDM, i.e., viewers looked at the same
objects in both cases but with a different intensity.
No Change: Some contents did not show any significant difference
between LDR and HDR FDMs.
The eye tracking test demonstrated that FDMs of HDR images for
some scenes are significantly different from the FDMs of the
corresponding LDR versions.